International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL SINGLE HPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS SEPARATION OF MULTIPLE IMPURITIES IN DEXAMETHASONE DRUG PRODUCT

2024-07-09T11:55:49+0530

Objective: A simple, reliable, and rapid HPLC method has been established for the detection of Dexamethasone (DEX) and its related impurities. The proposed method has been validated for specificity, linearity, system suitability, accuracy, precision, robustness, LOD, and LOQ as per International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines. All parameters were found to be within the accepted limits, affirming the method's reliability.

Methods: Analysis was conducted using HPLC on X-Bridge C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm id, 3.5 µm) with a mobile phase-A comprising buffer and acetonitrile (90:10, v/v), mobile phase-B comprising buffer and acetonitrile (25:75, v/v) and a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min by following gradient elution. The detection was performed with a UV detector set at 240 nm. The method has been employed to investigate DEX and DEX-related impurities. These studies were conducted in tablet formulations of DEX.

Results: The Retention Time (tR) of DEX was about 41.589 min, and all parameters met acceptable limit values. The response exhibited linearity over a concentration range of 0.162 to 3.052 µg/ml (R²= 0.9999). The percentage of DEX recovered from the pharmaceutical tablet dosage form ranged from 96.3 % to 100.4 %. Sensitivity levels for the developed method were indicated by LOD and LOQ values of 0.081–0.162 µg/ml. The proposed method was validated according to ICH guideline.

Conclusion: Hence, a simple, reliable, accurate, and precise HPLC method was developed, proving suitable for the separation of DEX and DEX-related impurities in commercial formulations.

VOLATILE ANTIDIABETIC PROPERTIES OF PIPER NIGRUM L. ETHANOL EXTRACT (ORIGINAL AND PLANT STEM CELL): NETWORK PHARMACOLOGY STUDY AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY

2024-08-16T08:22:07+0530

Objective: This study aims to identify and compare the active chemical components in the ethanol extracts of Piper nigrum L. (black pepper) plant and its callus and to investigate their potential roles in treating diabetes mellitus through Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) analysis.

Methods: Ethanol extracts were prepared from both the original black pepper plant and its callus. Chemical analysis identified key active substances, including piperine and β-D-Glucopyranoside, using Retention Times (RT). PPI investigations were conducted to determine the interactions involved in diabetes management. The antioxidant capacities of the extracts were assessed using IC50 values, and the biological processes and molecular functions related to diabetes treatment were evaluated.

Results: Both the original plant and callus extracts contained active substances such as piperine (37.715%, RT: 28.1967) and β-D-Glucopyranoside (54.272%, RT: 16.5768). The primary biological processes identified were the P450 epoxygenase pathway and glycogen production. Additionally, the organic acid metabolic process and nucleosome core were implicated in the management of diabetes mellitus by the extracts. The main molecular functions predicted were p53 binding and cyclin. The antioxidant capacities of the extracts were moderate for the callus extract (IC50: 129.92±0.83) and poor for the original plant extract (IC50: 156.69±1.36).

Conclusion: The study reveals that the ethanol extracts from the black pepper callus and the original plant possess distinct chemical profiles and mechanisms in treating diabetes mellitus. The callus extract demonstrates a more favorable antioxidant capacity compared to the original plant extract. Both extracts engage in similar biological processes but exhibit differences in their chemical composition and potential therapeutic pathways for diabetes management.

ANTIDEPRESSANT-LIKE ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF ROSA DAMASCENA IN MICE

2024-08-17T15:33:05+0530

Objective: Plant-based drugs have the potential to be very effective substitutes for prescription antidepressants. Rosa damascena has therapeutic potential as an analgesic, anticonvulsant, antitussive, bronchodilatory, antibacterial, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and laxative. Given this context, the goal of the current study was to assess Rosa damascena's potential antidepressant effects.

Methods: Maceration was used to create an aqueous extract of Rosa damascena. The Tail Suspension Test (TST) on BALB/c mice and the Forced-Swimming test (FST) on C57BL/6 mice were used to quantify the antidepressant activity. Mice were divided into three groups: control (saline), standard (citalopram and desipramine), and Rosa damascena aqueous extract (n = 6 per group). Intraperitoneally (1 ml/100 g) injections of drugs were administered. Analysis of variance was used to examine the data, and then LSD post-hoc tests were performed. The data are expressed as mean±SEM.

Results: Antidepressant-positive controls, citalopram and desipramine, significantly decreased the time of immobility in the FST and TST as compared to the vehicle control group (p<0.001). In FST, the immobility durations were significantly reduced by the Rosa damascena aqueous extract at a dose of 40 mg/kg compared to lesser doses of the same extract (10 and 20 mg/kg) (p<0.001). Similarly, the 40 mg/kg dose of Rosa damascena aqueous extract significantly reduced the length of immobility in TST (p<0.001).

Conclusion: The present findings demonstrate Rosa damascena's antidepressant-like effects in mice. Further research is necessary to determine the underlying mechanism by which Rosa damascena generates effects akin to those of an antidepressant in light of this observation.

PREBIOTIC EFFICACY OF DEFATTED FENUGREEK SEED FLAKES (FENUFLAKESTM): A SHORT-TERM COLONIC SIMULATION STUDY

2024-08-23T14:35:27+0530

Objective: To investigate the prebiotic effects of defatted fenugreek seed flakes (Fenuflakes™) using a 48-hour colonic simulation model.

Methods: Fecal samples from three healthy adult human donors were exposed to treatment conditions of blank (medium control), Fenuflakes, or inulin (fiber control). The effects on microbial fermentation (pH and gas production), metabolite production [Short Chain Fatty Acid (SCFAs), Branched-Chain Fatty Acid (BCFA), ammonium and lactate production], and microbial community composition were evaluated at 0, 6, 24, and 48 h.

Results: In comparison to inulin, Fenuflakes demonstrated a significant reduction in gas production. Both inulin and Fenuflakes significantly increased beneficial SCFAs, but no significant change was observed in BCFA. Ammonium production increased upon Fenuflakes treatment due to a residual protein fraction reaching the colon, in contrast to inulin, which is in a protein-depleted state. The lactate levels significantly increased for Fenuflakes and inulin. The presence of Fenuflakes and inulin resulted in favorable fermentation by the colonic gut microbiota, indicating an increase in species enrichment and alpha diversity in the microbial community composition.

Conclusion: Fenuflakes exhibit prebiotic potential by increasing SCFA and promoting the enrichment of several beneficial colonic bacteria while maintaining normal colonic pH and producing less gas than inulin.

IS ONLINE SEARCH FOR MEDICATION INFORMATION WILL BECOME A NEW DIMENSION FOR NONCOMPLIANCE

2024-09-15T22:22:57+0530

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of online medication information on adherence and beliefs with chronic illness.

Methods: The study was carried out at a tertiary-care teaching hospital. A questionnaire was used to assess beliefs on the online information, stopped the medication without consultation, missed dose based on information on online, trust on information provided by the health care provider, type and frequency of the online search information on medications and finally, adhere to the medication regimen.

Results: A total of 95 participants were interviewed and 60 participants were showed interest to participate in the study. Chronic illness conditions among them were mostly hypertension, diabetes milletus followed by asthma and COPD, renal failure, inflammation and convulsions. Seeking online health information 30% daily, 33% weekly, monthly 10%, rarely 16% never 10%. The information mostly searched around 40% of treatment options, 35% of medication information and flowed by disease symptoms, dietary advises and physical exercises. Belief on online information was 66.7% positively and 33.3 negatively. Trust on healthcare provider about medication information the complete trust 60%, somewhat trust 38.30%, not trust was 1.6%. Only 15% subjects felt difficulty to adhere to medication regimen.

Conclusion: Despite of participants searching for online health information, still they have strong belief on prescription and medication adherence.

VARIATIONS IN VOLATILE OIL CONSTITUENTS OF ECHINOPS SPECIES GROWING IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND THE MEDITERRANEAN REGIONS: MINI REVIEW

2024-07-21T15:31:53+0530

The genus Echinops of the family Asteraceae has commonly been a subject of interest because its members have various chemical constituents and crucial pharmacological activities of great medicinal importance over the last decade (2010-2023). Therefore, this genus has attracted serious research in pharmacognosy and herbal medicine. Detailed studies revealed that Echinops species contain numerous bioactive compounds, such as sesquiterpene lactones, essential oils, flavonoids, and polyacetylenic aliphatic acids, largely in plant parts that are important for therapeutic use. These bioactive constituents have been associated with a wide diversity of pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic underlined while proceeding to show some antioxidant activity and even hepatoprotective action of the genus, hence encouraging the further development of novel therapeutic agents. Most of these activities have been studied both in vitro and in vivo to establish their underlying effects. This will help us evaluate pharmacological properties attributed to the genus Echinops and pave the way for future studies to validate traditional uses and optimize extraction methods and their clinical applications. This work highlighted the position of Echinops species in Mediterranean areas, especially essential oils as a source of bioactive compounds useful in the well-being of humans and its variation concerning several factors. It has reaffirmed the place of natural products in drug discovery and development.

UNDERSTANDING THE BENEFITS OF STEVIA REBAUDIANA BERTONI FOR DIABETES: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

2024-08-17T23:27:17+0530

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a complicated metabolic condition defined by long-term elevated blood glucose levels. This chronic hyperglycemia induces metabolic dysfunctions that cause structural and functional disruptions in the vasculature, leading to macrovascular and microvascular complications. Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, commonly known as Stevia, is a perennial shrub that contains various bioactive constituents responsible for its sweetness and several other activities. Many studies on Stevia have shown that it possesses various beneficial effects on health, including being zero-calorie, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive, antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-tumor. Several studies have found that neither gastric juice nor digestive enzymes decompose stevioside. The presence of bioactive phenolic and flavonoid compounds supports Stevia's medicinal properties and its potential use in both the food/nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries. A significant antioxidant capacity of Stevia has been identified recently. It can also help limit essential nutrient supply to tumor cells. Research on Stevia's effects on the human body has largely found no negative side effects. The growing body of evidence underscores Stevia's potential role in managing various health conditions, particularly for diabetic patients, due to its minimal impact on blood sugar levels. However, to fully harness its benefits and meet the increasing global demand, further scientific research is essential to optimize its cultivation, enhance its chemical constituents and ensure its safety. Overall, Stevia stands out as a promising natural sweetener with significant health benefits for diabetic patients. In this review article, we explore different aspects of Stevia and its beneficial effects on diabetic patients.

OPTIMIZING DRUG DOSING IN CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS WITH AUGMENTED RENAL CLEARANCE: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

2024-07-18T19:02:07+0530

Renal clearance plays a pivotal role in eliminating most administered drugs, particularly antibiotics, which is crucial for achieving therapeutic goals by maintaining plasma concentrations within the therapeutic window. Various pre-existing conditions such as renal replacement therapies, kidney or liver impairment, and enhanced excretory organ function can disrupt drug concentrations, leading to treatment failure. Augmented Renal Clearance (ARC) exacerbates this by causing rapid drug elimination, notably in critically ill patients. Consequently, careful monitoring and adjustment of drug dosages tailored to individual patient conditions and comorbidities are imperative to prevent sub-therapeutic outcomes or treatment failures. Our review highlights the necessity of dosage modifications informed by current research to optimize therapeutic outcomes in such cases. We provide a comprehensive table detailing effective antibiotics and their adjustments for ARC.