TOCOTRIENOL OPPOSES THE EFFECT OF LIGHT TO MODERATE ETHANOL EXPOSURES IN ELEVATED PLUS MAZE PERFORMANCE OF RATS
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Objective: Tocotrienol is a naturally rare isoform of vitamin E. Consumption of ethanol is a common problem. Ethanol acts as an anxiolytic, but
hastens cognitive problems. The current study is aimed to evaluate the effect of tocotrienol against ethanol-induced cognitive and anxiolytic behavior.
Methods: Male albino Wistar rats were divided into two sets; one set of rats were exposed with low-to-moderate doses of ethanol for 4 weeks, while
another set was exposed to tocotrienol orally (10 mg/day) plus low-to-moderate doses of ethanol for 4 weeks. Performances of rats on elevated
plus maze were carried out at the end of the treatment protocol for 3 days. Video recordings were analyzed for acquisition time, retention time, and
number of entries to open arms and closed arms. Numbers of protected stretch attend posture, unprotected stretch attend posture, protected head
dipping, unprotected head dipping, grooming, rearing, paw licking, immobile sniffing, and fecal boli were also counted from the video recording.
Results: Statistically significant influences of tocotrienol and ethanol exposures have been observed in aquisition time and retention time after
24 hrs and 48 hrs, respectively. Number of exits from the closed arms and grooming and rearing behaviors also found to be significantly influenced
by tocotrienol treatment.
Conclusion: From the current study, it can be concluded that tocotrienol facilitates the explorative behaviors of control rats. In addition, the current
protocol of tocotrienol treatment opposes the ethanol-induced cognitive impairment as well as ethanol-induced anxiolytic activity in rats.
Keywords: Tocotrienol, Ethanol, Elevated plus maze, Acquisition time, Retention time, Protected stretch attend posture, Unprotected stretch attend
posture, Protected head dipping, Unprotected head dipping, Grooming, Rearing, Paw licking, Immobile sniffing.
Downloads
References
REFERENCES
Aggarwal BB, Sundaram C, Prasad S, Kannappan R. Tocotrienols, the
Vitamin E of the 21
century: Its potential against cancer and other
chronic diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2010;80(11):1613-31.
st
Chopra K, Tiwari V. Tocotrienol and cognitive dysfunction induced
by alcohol. In: Watson RR, Preddy VR, Zibadi S, editors. Alcohol,
Nutrition and Health Consequences. Nutrition and Health. New York:
Springer Science +Business Media; 2013. p. 181-202.
Gupta S, Warner J. Alcohol-related dementia: A 21
-century silent
epidemic? Br J Psychiatry 2008;193(5):351-3.
st
Bernardin F, Maheut-Bosser A, Paille F. Cognitive impairments in
alcohol-dependent subjects. Front Psychiatry 2014;5:78.
Ellison RC, Martinic M. The harms and benefits of moderate drinking:
Summary of findings of an International Symposium. Ann Epidemiol
;Suppl 1:1-12.
Andréasson S, Chikritzhs T, Dangardt F, Holder H, Naimi T, Stockwell T.
Evidence about health effects of Moderate alcohol consumption:
Reasons for scepticism and public health implications. In: Alcohol and
Society. Stockholm: IOGT-NTO and the Swedish Society of Medicine;
Nagapan G, Meng Goh Y, Shameha Abdul Razak I, Nesaretnam K,
Ebrahimi M. The effects of prenatal and early postnatal tocotrienol-rich
fraction supplementation on cognitive function development in male
offspring rats. BMC Neurosci 2013;14:77.
Tiwari V, Arora V, Chopra K. Attenuation of NF-?ß mediated apoptotic
signaling by tocotrienol ameliorates cognitive deficits in rats postnatally
exposed to ethanol. Neurochem Int 2012;61(3):310-20.
Khanna S, Roy S, Parinandi NL, Maurer M, Sen CK. Characterization
of the potent neuroprotective properties of the natural vitamin E alphatocotrienol.
J
Neurochem
;98(5):1474-86.
Ling S. Tocomin tocotrienols complex – A potent natural neuroprotective
Vitamin. Asia-Pac Biotech News 2009;13(9):22-7.
Sen CK, Rink C, Khanna S. Palm oil-derived natural Vitamin E
α-tocopherol in brain health and disease. J Am Coll Nutr
;293 Suppl:314S-23.
Patel V, Rink C, Khanna S, Sen CK. Tocotrienols: The lesser known
form of natural vitamin E. Indian J Exp Biol 2011;49(10):732-8.
Jung NY, Lee KH, Won R, Lee BH. Neuroprotective effects of
α-tocotrienol on kainic acid-induced neurotoxicity in organotypic
hippocampal slice cultures. Int J Mol Sci 2013;14(9):18256-68.
Budin SK, Taib IS, Jayusman PA, Chiang HH, Ramalingam A,
Ghazali AR, et al. Ameliorative effect of palm oil tocotrienol rich
fraction on brain oxidative stress in fenitrothion-administered rats.
Sains Malays 2014;43(7):1031-6.
Talip SB, Asari MA, Khan AA, Sirajudeen KN. Evaluation of the
protective effects of tocotrienol-rich fraction from palm oil on the
dentate gyrus following chronic restraint stress in rats. Braz J Pharm
Sci 2013;49(2):374-80.
Nayak P, Sharma SB, Chowdary NV. Thalamic superoxide and peroxide
handling capacity (SPHC): An experimental study with aluminum,
ethanol and tocopherol in rats. Indian J Exp Biol 2015;53(9):568-73.
Nayak P, Sharma SB, Chowdary NV. Aluminum and ethanol
induce alterations in superoxide and peroxide handling capacity
(SPHC) in frontal and temporal cortex. Indian J Biochem Biophys
;50(5):402-10.
Chaitanya TV, Mallipeddi K, Bondili JS, Nayak P. Effect of aluminum
exposure on superoxide and peroxide handling capacities by liver,
kidney, testis and temporal cortex in rat. Indian J Biochem Biophys
;49(5):395-8.
Sandbak T, Murison R. Behavioural responses to elevated plus-maze
and defensive burying testing: Effects on subsequent ethanol intake and
effect of ethanol on retention of the burying response. Alcohol Alcohol
;36(1):48-58.
Devaux M, Sassi F. Alcohol Consumption and Harmful Drinking:
Trends and Social Disparities Across OECD Countries. OECD Health
Working Papers, No. 79. Paris: OECD Publishing; 2015.
Comporti M, Signorini C, Leoncini S, Gardi C, Ciccoli L, Giardini A,
et al. Ethanol-induced oxidative stress: Basic knowledge. Genes Nutr
;5(2):101-9.
Alatalo P. Markers of liver function and oxidative stress in alcohol
consumers with or without overweight. Finland: Academic Dissertation,
University of Tampere; 2011.
Montgomery KC. The relation between fear induced by novel
stimulation and exploratory behavior. J Comp Physiol Psychol
;48(4):254-60.
Morato S, Brandão ML. Paradoxical increase of exploratory behavior
in the elevated plus-maze by rats exposed to two kinds of aversive
stimuli. Braz J Med Biol Res 1997;30(9):1113-20.
Sujith K, Darwin CR, Suba SV. Memory-enhancing activity of
Anacyclus pyrethrum in albino Wistar rats. Asian Pac J Trop Dis
;2(4):307-11.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
The publication is licensed under CC By and is open access. Copyright is with author and allowed to retain publishing rights without restrictions.