ADVERSE EFFECT OF COMBINED ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE PILLS

Akshara Shukla; Rohitash Jamwal; Kumud Bala

doi:10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i1.14565

Authors

Akshara Shukla AMITY UNIVERSITY UTTAR PRADESH NOIDA
Rohitash Jamwal UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND, KINGSTON, USA
Kumud Bala AMITY UNIVERSITY UTTAR PRADESH NOIDA

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i1.14565

Abstract

Oral contraceptive (OC) pills contain estrogen and progestin that are synthetic analogs of natural hormones. These synthetic hormones affect the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis of the female reproductive system. There are many types of contraceptives; most of the OC pills prevent pregnancy by inhibiting ovulation. Estrogen and progestin are two female reproductive hormones that are critical. Typically, estradiol is produced by growing follicle (ovaries) which stimulates the hypothalamus to produce the gonadotropin-releasing hormone, which further stimulates the anterior pituitary to produce follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). LH production triggers the ovulation. Similarly, the progesterone is produced by corpus luteum (ovaries), which triggers the production of FSH and LH. There are many types of progesterone available. Long-term usage of synthetic estrogen and progesterone can disturb the balance between the level of these hormones in the body. This imbalance may lead to severe side effects such as breast cancer, cervical cancer, thrombosis, direct impact on the brain, and infertility.

Keywords: Estrogen, Progesterone, Contraceptives, Herbal contraceptives.

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Author Biographies

Akshara Shukla, AMITY UNIVERSITY UTTAR PRADESH NOIDA

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR-I

CENTRE FOR MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

AMITY INSTITUTE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

Rohitash Jamwal, UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND, KINGSTON, USA

GRADUATE RESEARCH ASSOCIATE

BIOMEDICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES

Kumud Bala, AMITY UNIVERSITY UTTAR PRADESH NOIDA

ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
CENTRE FOR MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
AMITY INSTITUTE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

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