ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OFMALACCA FRUIT (PHYLLANTUS EMBLICA L.)ETHANOLIC EXTRACT AND FRACTIONAGAINSTBACILLUS CEREUS  FNCC0057 ANDSHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE ATCC13313

Tiana Milanda; Arif Satria Wira Kusuma; Kuganesh Shanmuganathan

doi:10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10s2.19471

Authors

Tiana Milanda Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia
Arif Satria Wira Kusuma Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesiain
Kuganesh Shanmuganathan Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10s2.19471

Keywords:

Antibacterial, Phyllanthus emblica L, B cereus FNCC0057, Shigella dysenteriae ATCC13313

Abstract

Diarrhea is a symptom of a disease, which is characterized by increased frequency of defecation (more than three times a day) with a more fluid of feces. In Ayurvedic medicine, the fruit of Malacca (Phyllanthus emblica L.) is often used as an antibacterial and antiviral against various infectious diseases. This study aims to determine:(i) the antibacterialÂ activities of ethanol extract and its fraction of Malacca fruit, and (ii) determine Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) against diarrhea-causing bacteria, such as Bacillus cereus FNCC0057 and Shigella dysenteriae ATCC13313. The study wasÂ conducted through several processes: (i) the determination of the plant andÂ preparation dried fruit, (ii) extraction of dried fruit, fractionated extract, antibacterial activity test of ethanol extract and its fractions, (iii) determination MIC and MBC from the most active fractions and (iv) phytochemical screening of fraction. The results showed that ethanol extract, water fraction and ethyl acetateÂ fraction of Malacca fruit has antibacterial activities against B. cereus FNCC0057 and S. dysenteriae ATCC13313, where the greatest activity was shown by the fraction of ethyl acetate. This fraction has MIC and MBC values of 0.187 - 0.375% (w/v) and and 0.09375 - 0.1875% (w/v) against B. cereus FNCC0057 and S. dysenteriae ATCC13313. The antibacterial activity of this fraction was probably derived from alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin, quinone, saponin, monoterpene or sesquiterpene compounds.

Â

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Zein U. Diare akut infeksius pada dewasa. J Kedokt 2004;???:1-8.

Ekta S, Sheel S, Ashutosh P, Jaya D, Sachdev Y, Swapnil S. Phytochemistry, traditional uses and cancer chemopreventive activity of amla (Phyllanthus emblica). The sustainer. J Appl Pharm Sci 2011;2:176-83.

Saeed S, Tariq P. Antibacterial activities of Emblica officinalis and Coriandrum sativum against gram negative urinary pathogens. Pak J Pharm Sci 2007;20 Suppl 1:32-5.

Anila L, Vijayalakshmi NR. Antioxidant action flavonoids from Magnifera indica and Emblica officinalis in hypercholesterolemic rats. Food Chem 2003;83:569-74.

Suriyavadhana M, Sudha P. Proximate analysis on biochemical study of Phyllanthus emblica and Citrus lemon. Int J Pharm Life Sci 2011;2 Suppl 6:801-4.

Joshi A, Bhobe M, Saatarkar A. Phytochemical investigation of the roots of Grewia microcos Linn. J Chem Pharm Res 2013;5:80-7.

Abdullahi MN, Ilyas N, Ibrahim H. Evaluation of phytochemical screening and analgesic activity of aqueous extract of the leaves of Microtrichia perotitii Dc (Asteraceae) in mice using hotplate method. Med Plant Res 2013;3(5):37-43.

Ayoola GA, Coker HA, Adesegun SA, Adepoju-Bello AA, Obaweya K, Ezennia EC, et al. Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activities of some selected medicinal plants used for malaria therapy in Southwestern Nigeria. Trop J Pharm Res 2008;7(3):1019-24.

Banso A, Adeyemo S. Phytochemical screening and antimalarial assessment of Abutilon mauritianum, Bacopa monnifera and Datura stramonium. Biokemistri 2006;18:39-44.

Augusto LS, Tavares JF, da Silva MS, de FÃ¡tima Formiga Melo Diniz M, Athayde-Filho PF, Filho JM, et al. Anti-inflammatory activity of alkaloids: An update from 2000 to 2010. Molecules 2011;16:8515 34.

Dua VK, Gaurav V, Bikram S, Aswathy R, Upma B, Dau DA, et al. Anti-malarial property of steroidal alkaloid conessine isolated from the bark of Holarrhena antidysenterica. Malar J 2013;12:1-6.