STUDY OF ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIALITY OF EIGHT DIFFERENT MANGROVE SPECIES AND DEVELOPMENT OF THEIR INTRA-RELATIONSHIP THROUGH CLUSTER ANALYSIS

ABDUL KADER; PARTHADEB GHOSH; SANKAR NARAYAN SINHA

doi:10.22159/ajpcr.2020.v13i11.19526

Authors

ABDUL KADER Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, West Bengal, India.
PARTHADEB GHOSH Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, West Bengal, India.
SANKAR NARAYAN SINHA Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, West Bengal, India.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2020.v13i11.19526

Keywords:

Antibacterial, Antifungal, Dendrogram, Extraction yield, Mangrove, Phytochemical screening, Sundarbans

Abstract

Objective: The present study investigates the antimicrobial activities of eight different mangrove plants and also the development of their intra-relationship through cluster analysis.

Methods: The dried and powdered leaves of different mangrove species were extracted by cold maceration process with water, methanol, and chloroform. The antimicrobial activity was done using the agar well diffusion method. The cluster analysis of the mangrove plants was analyzed by MINITAB Release 13.1.

Results: The order of extraction yield for each mangrove species was methanol > chloroform > water. The methanol extract of Suaeda maritima, Avicennia marina, Avicennia officinalis, and chloroform extract of Sonneratia apetala gave the highest inhibition zones of 19 mm, 19 mm, 19.33 mm, and 19.33 mm, respectively, against Bacillus subtilis. The methanol extract of Ceriops decandra, Xylocarpus granatum, and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza found the highest inhibition zones of 21.67 mm, 22 mm, and 20.3 mm, respectively, against Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. The endangered and endemic species Heritiera fomes gave the highest result (18 mm) against both for Micrococcus luteus and B. subtilis in methanolic extract. The maximum zone of inhibition of fungal strains was found against Botrytis cinerea (15 mm), Fusarium oxysporum (16.33 mm), and Rhizopus oryzae (13.33 mm) with the methanol extract of X. granatum, S. apetala, and C. decandra, respectively. Cluster analysis of 8 mangrove species based on different bacterial pathogens was also shown where it demonstrated their intra-relationship against some bacterial pathogens.

Conclusion: From this study, it may be concluded that mangrove plants can be used to discover bioactive natural products.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

ABDUL KADER, Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, West Bengal, India.

Professor

PARTHADEB GHOSH, Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, West Bengal, India.

Department of Botany

References

Murray CJ, Lopez AD. Mortality by cause for eight regions of the world: Global burden of disease study. Lancet 1997;349:1269-76.

Nair R, Kalariya T, Chanda S. Antibacterial activity of some selected Indian medicinal flora. Turk J Biol 2005;29:41-7.

Neogi U, Saumya R, Mishra RK, Raju KC. Lipid content and in vitro antimicrobial activity of oil of some Indian medicinal plants. Curr Res Bacteriol 2008;1:1-6.

Al-Jabri AA. Honey, milk and antibiotics. Afr J Biotechnol 2005;4:1580-7.

Cohen ML. Changing patterns of infectious disease. Nature 2002;406:762-7.

Hancock EW. Mechanism of action of newer antibiotics for Gram positive pathogens. Lancet Infect Dis 2005;59:209-18.

Evans CE, Banso A, Samuel OA. Efficacy of some nupe medicinal plants against Salmonella Typhi: An in vitro study. J Ethnopharmacol 2002;80:21-4.

WHO issues guidelines for herbal medicines. Bull World Health Organ 2004;82:238.

Akinyemi KO, Oladapo O, Okwara CE, Ibe CC, Fasure KA. Screening of crude extracts of six medicinal plants used in South-West Nigerian unorthodox medicine for anti-methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus activity. BMC Complement Altern Med 2005;5:6.

Jagessar RC, Mohamed A, Gomes G. An evaluation of the antibacterial and antifungal activity of leaf extracts of Momordica charantia against Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Nat Sci 2008;6:1-14.

Rout SP, Choudary KA, Kar DM, Das L, Jain A. Plants in traditional medicinal system-future source of new drugs. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2009;1:1-23.

Kader A, Sinha SN. Heavy metal contamination in the sediment and plants of the Sundarbans, India. Chem Ecol 2018;34:506-18.

Chaudhuri P, Guha S. Potentiality of mangrove plant extracts for biocontrol of a pathogenic fungi, Fusarium oxysporum. Sci Cult 2010;76:271-4.

Kader A, Sinha SN, Ghosh P. Evaluation of genetic diversity of Avicenniaceae family in Indian sundarban by using RAPD and ISSR markers. Iran J Genet Plant Breed 2012;1:22-7.

Bandaranayke WM. Traditional and medicinal uses of mangroves. Mangroves Salt Marshes 1998;2:133-48.

Sinha SN, Paul D, Halder N, Sengupta D, Patra SK. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using fresh water green alga Pithophora oedogonia (Mont.) Wittrock and evaluation of their antibacterial activity. Appl Nanosci 2015;5:703-9.

Sinha SN, Paul D. Phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Andrographis paniculata leaf extract and evaluation of their antibacterial activities. Spectrosc Lett 2015;48:600-4.

Bailey NT. Statistical Methods in Biology. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; 1995. p. 276.

Shanmugapriya R, Ramanathan T, Renugadevi G. Phytochemical characterization and antimicrobial efficiency of mangrove plants Avicennia marina and Avicennia officinalis. Int J Pharm Biol Arch 2012;3:348-51.

Dawane V, Fulekar MH. High-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting pattern of mangrove Avicennia marina. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2017;9:65-72.

Harborne JB. Phytochemical methods. In: Harborne JB, editor. A Guide to Modern Techniques of Plant Analysis. London: Chapman and Hall; 1973.

Selvam K, Rajinikanth R, Govarthanan M, Paul A, Selvankumar T, Sengottaiyan A. Antioxidant potential and secondary metabolites in Ocimum sanctum L. at various habitats. J Med Plants Res 2013;7:706-12.

Vundru AK, Kandru A, Busi A. In vitro antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts of certain mangrove plants collected from Godavari estuarine of Konaseema delta, India. Int J Med Aromat Plants 2011;1:132-6.

Sharief N, Srinivasulu A, Veni PS, Rao VU. Quantification of tannins, antioxidant capacity and antibacterial activities of stem extracts of Avicennia marina L. Int J Biol Med Res 2014;5:3869-73.

Sharief N, Srinivasulu A, Chittibabu B, Rao VU. Isolation and purification of antibacterial principle from Avicennia marina L in methanol. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2015;7:38-41.

Negi PS, Chauhan AS, Sadia GA, Rohinishree YS, Ramteke RS. Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of various seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) seed extracts. Food Chem 2005;92:119-24.

Sultana B, Anwar F, Przybylski R. Antioxidant activity of phenolic components present in barks of Azadirachta indica, Terminalia arjuna, Acacia nilotica, and Eugenia jambolana Lam. trees. Food Chem 2007;104:1106-14.

Pooja A, Arun N, Manider K. Screening of plant essential oils for antifungal activity against Malassezia furfur. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2013;5:37-9.

Schwarz S, Noble WC. Aspects of bacterial resistance to antimicrobials used in veterinary dermatological practice. Vet Dermatol 1999;10:1.