EVALUATION OF PREHYPERTENSION, HYPERTENSION AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG I YEAR MEDICAL STUDENTS

Authors

  • Thilip Kumar G SRM Medical College Hospital & Research Center, Srm University. Potheri, TamilNadu, India-603203
  • Prabhavathi K
  • Karthick N
  • Poornima Kn
  • Saravanan A

Abstract

 

 Background and Objectives: Pre-hypertension is associated with increased progression to hypertension and cardiovascular risk. The objective of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension, as well as the associated factors among Ist year medical students who are from a similar socioeconomic status, dietary habits and lifestyle.

Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 137 Ist year medical students using digital blood pressure (BP) monitor on three different occasions and the average was taken and also a questionnaire was obtained to assess the associated factors and other demographic details. Data were analyzed with the use of SPSS software and results were demonstrated using descriptive tables where Chi-square test and one-way analysis was used.

Result: The prevalence of elevated BP (pre-hypertension and hypertension) as per JNC 7 criteria, among the medical students was 46.7%. There was a significant association of pre-hypertension with the individual risk factor like the family history of diabetes mellitus, diet and stress.

Conclusion: The study shows a significant proportion of individuals with elevated BP at a younger age, associated with risk factors such as family history of diabetes, diet and stress. Elevated BP increases the risk for the development of hypertension during adolescence. Hypertension being a disease of iceberg goes unnoticed leading to chronic disease, therefore identification at the earliest can curb the disease.

Keywords: Pre-hypertension, Adolescents, Prevalence, Hypertension.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Kearney PM, Whelton M, Reynolds K, Muntner P, Whelton PK, He J. Global burden of hypertension: A nalysis of worldwide data. Lancet 2005;365:217-23.

World Hypertension League Year Book 2000-2001: Fighting Hypertension into Next Millennium. Toledo, OH: World Hypertension League; 2001. p. 3-6.

Murray CJ, Lopez AD. Global mortality, disability, and the contribution of risk factors: Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet 1997;349(9063):1436-42.

World Health Report. Mental Health: New Understanding, New Hope. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2001. p. 144-9.

Yadav S, Boddula R, Genitta G, Bhatia V, Bansal B, Kongara S, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of pre-hypertension and hypertension in an affluent North Indian population. Indian J Med Res 2008;128(6):712-20.

Qureshi AI, Suri MF, Kirmani JF, Divani AA, Mohammad Y. Is prehypertension a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases? Stroke 2005;36(9):1859-63.

Elliott WJ, Black HR. Prehypertension. Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med 2007;4(10):538-48.

Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo JL Jr, et al. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: The JNC 7 Report. JAMA 2003;289(19):2560-72.

Lenfant C, Chobanian AV, Jones DW, Roccella EJ, Joint National Committee on the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Seventh report of the Joint National Committee on the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC 7): Resetting the hypertension sails. Hypertension 2003;41(6):1178-9.

Lauer RM, Clarke WR. Childhood risk factors for high adult blood pressure: The Muscatine Study. Pediatrics 1989;84(4):633-41.

Bao W, Threefoot SA, Srinivasan SR, Berenson GS. Essential hypertension predicted by tracking of elevated blood pressure from childhood to adulthood: The Bogalusa Heart Study. Am J Hypertens 1995;8(7):657-65.

Shetty SS, Nayak A. Prevalence of prehypertension amongst medical students in coastal Karnataka. J Evol Med Dent Sci 2012;1(6):975-80.

Kulkarni MM, Hemagiri K, Malavika, Patil RS. Prehypertension and associated factors among medical students of SSIMS & RC, Davangere – A cross-sectional study. J Indian Med Assoc 2011;109(10):733-4, 736.

Vasan RS, Larson MG, Leip EP, Kannel WB, Levy D. Assessment of frequency of progression to hypertension in non-hypertensive participants in the Framingham Heart Study: A cohort study. Lancet 2001;358(9294):1682-6.

Redwine KM, Daniels SR. Prehypertension in adolescents: Risk and progression. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2012;14:360-4.

Kim J, Kim E, Yi H, Joo S, Shin K, Kim J, et al. Short-term incidence rate of hypertension in Korea middle-aged adults. J Hypertens 2006;24(11):2177-82.

Kim SJ, Lee J, Jee SH, Nam CM, Chun K, Park IS, et al. Cardiovascular risk factors for incident hypertension in the prehypertensive population. Epidemiol Health 2010;32:e2010003.

Mancia G, Bombelli M, Corrao G, Facchetti R, Madotto F, Giannattasio C, et al. Metabolic syndrome in the Pressioni Arteriose Monitorate E Loro Associazioni (PAMELA) study: Daily life blood pressure, cardiac damage, and prognosis. Hypertension 2007;49(1):40-7.

Lewington S, Clarke R, Qizilbash N, Peto R, Collins R, Prospective dies Collaboration. Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: A meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet 2002;360(9349):1903-13.

Drukteinis JS, Roman MJ, Fabsitz RR, Lee ET, Best LG, Russell M, et al. Cardiac and systemic hemodynamic characteristics of hypertension and prehypertension in adolescents and young adults: The Strong Heart Study. Circulation 2007;115(2):221-7.

Muhamad SB, Ahmad FA, Yaacob MJ. Prevalence and sources of stress among medical students in Universiti Sains Malaysia [Dissertation]. Medical Education. Universities Sains Malaysia (USM), Mei; 2009.

Muhamad SB, Ahmad FA, Yaacob MJ. The development and validity of the Medical Student Stressor Questionnaire (MSSQ). ASEAN J Psychiatry 2010;11(1).

Zaid ZA, Chan SC, Ho JJ. Emotional disorders among medical students in a Malaysian private medical school. Singapore Med J 2007;48(10):895-9.

Sherina MS, Lekhraj R, Nadarajan K. Prevalence of emotional disorder among medical students in a Malaysian University. Asia Pac Fam Med 2003;2:213-7.

Saipanish R. Stress among medical students in a Thai medical school. Med Teach 2003;25:502-6.

Miller PM, Surtees PG. Psychological symptoms and their course in first-year medical students as assessed by the interval general health questionnaire (I-GHQ). Br J Psychiatry 1991;159:199-207.

Linn BS, Zeppa R. Stress in junior medical students: Relationship to personality and performance. J Med Educ 1984;59(1):7-12.

Silver HK, Glicken AD. Medical student abuse. Incidence, severity, and significance. JAMA 1990;263(4):527-32.

Rosal MC, Ockene IS, Ockene JK, Barrett SV, Ma Y, Hebert JR. A longitudinal study of students’ depression at one medical school. Acad Med 1997;72(6):542-6.

Shapiro SL, Shapiro DE, Schwartz GE. Stress management in medical education: A review of the literature. Acad Med 2000;75(7):748-59.

Clark EJ, Rieker PP. Gender differences in relationships and stress of medical and law students. J Med Educ 1986:61(1):32-40.

Niemi PM, Vainiomaki PT. Medical students’ distress - Quality, continuity and gender differences during a six-year medical programme. Med Teach 2006;28(2):136-41.24.

Niemi PM, Vainiomaki PT. Medical students’ academic distress, coping and achievement strategies during the pre-clinical years. Teach Learn Med 1999;11(3):125-34.

Pickard M, Bates L, Dorian M, Greig H, Saint D. Alcohol and drug use in second-year medical students at the University of Leeds. Med Educ 2000;34(2):148-50.

Newbury-Birch D, White M, Kamali F. Factors influencing alcohol and illicit drug use amongst medical students. Drug Alcohol Depend 2000;59(2):125-30.

Flaherty JA, Richman JA. Substance use and addiction among medical students, residents, and physicians. Psychiatr Clin North Am 1993;16(1):189-97.

Koley M, Mundle M, Ghosh S, Saha S. A short-term pilot study investigating the efficacy of dash diet in reducing systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2013;6 (Suppl 1):169-72.

Brar SK, Badaruddoza. Epidemiology of blood pressure in relation to certain quantitative traits among urban Punjabi adolescents. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2013;6 (Suppl 2):319-25.

Published

01-11-2014

How to Cite

G, T. K., P. K, K. N, P. Kn, and S. A. “EVALUATION OF PREHYPERTENSION, HYPERTENSION AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG I YEAR MEDICAL STUDENTS”. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, vol. 7, no. 5, Nov. 2014, pp. 32-35, https://mail.innovareacademics.in/journals/index.php/ajpcr/article/view/2376.

Issue

Section

Original Article(s)

Most read articles by the same author(s)