PATTERNS OF ACUTE POISONING AMONG PATIENTS TREATED IN THE EMERGENCY WARDS OF A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Devi Revathi; Sathvika Reddy; Lakshmi Prasanna V; Aruna C Ramesh

doi:10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i11.27422

Authors

Devi Revathi Department of Pharmacy Practice, Pharm-D Intern M. S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India,
Sathvika Reddy Department of Pharmacy Practice, Pharm-D Intern M. S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India,
Lakshmi Prasanna V Department of Pharmacy Practice, Pharm-D Intern M. S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India,
Aruna C Ramesh Department of Emergency Medicine, MS Ramaiah Hospitals, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i11.27422

Keywords:

Acute poisoning, Clinic pharmacist, Intentional

Abstract

Objective: Poisoning is a growing health-care burden in developing countries like India. Predicting the nature of the intention behind poisoning and type of poisoning agent involved will help in facilitating appropriate treatment measures, hence, improving the patient's quality of life.

Methods: The prospective, observational study was conducted in a tertiary care multispecialty hospital for 6 months from November 2016 to April 2017 and involved a total of 133 patients. Treatment and outcomes of the patients were collected, documented in a data collection form. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were applied.

Results: The mean age of the study participants was 27.76Â±15.5 with predominance seen in age groups of <30 years (59.3%), females (52.6%), and married (49.6%). Intentional poisoning (69.1%) through oral ingestion (81.2%) of medications (51.6%) in solid forms (60.2%) was predominant. Patients presenting with systemic manifestations (70.4%) arrived in a time duration >1 h (66.2%), received first aid (62.4%), and supportive care (52.7%). Higher ingestion of physical forms was significantly observed in both single (OR: 4.5) and married (OR: 3). The outcomes were correlated with poison severity score and patients with mild symptoms recovered (60.9%).

Conclusion: The use of medicines for intentional poisoning continues to be rampant in younger age groups and married individuals. Educational programs with more accentuation on the data regarding toxic substances along with preventive measures are to be implemented to make mindfulness among the overall population.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Devi Revathi, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Pharm-D Intern M. S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India,

Department of Pharmacy practice

References

Jesslin J, Adepu R, Churi S. Assessment of prevalence and mortality incidences due to poisoning in a South Indian tertiary care teaching hospital. Indian J Pharm Sci 2010;72:587-91.

Datir SB, Petkar M, Farooqui JM, Makhani CS, Hussaini SN, Chavan KD, et al. Study of outcome in acute poisoning cases in rural region of Western Maharashtra. J Forensic Leg Med Title 2015;24:1-7.

National Crime Records Bureau. Suicides in India-Accidental Deaths and Suicides in India. 2015. Available from: http://www.ncrb.gov.in/. [Last accessed on 2018 Feb 27].

Centre for Disease Control and Prevention NCHS Data on Drug Poisoning Deaths August. 2017. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/ nchs/data/factsheets/factsheet_drug_poisoning.htm. [Last accessed on 2018 Feb 27].

Banerjee I, Tripathi SK, Roy AS. Clinico-epidemiological profile of poisoned patients in emergency department: A two and half yearâ€™s single hospital experience. Int J Crit Illn Inj Sci 2014;4:14-7.

Senarathna L, Jayamanna SF, Kelly PJ, Buckley NA, Dibley MJ, Dawson AH. Changing epidemiologic patterns of deliberate self-poisoning in a rural district of Sri Lanka. BMC Public Health 2012;12:593.

Singh O, Javeri Y, Juneja D, Gupta M, Singh G, Dang R. Profile and outcome of patients with acute toxicity admitted in intensive care unit: Experiences from a major corporate hospital in urban India. Indian J Anaesth 2011;55:370-4.

Teklemariam E, Tesema S, Jemal A. Pattern of acute poisoning in Jimma University Specialized Hospital, South West Ethiopia. World J Emerg Med 2016;7:290-3.

Khan P, Kumar M, Nousheen B. A study on treatment pattern and outcomes of poisoning cases in a tertiary care and government district hospital. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2017;9:193-7.

Marahatta SB, Singh J, Shrestha R, Koju R. Poisoning cases attending Emergency department in Dhulikhel hospital-Kathmandu university teaching hospital. Kathmandu Univ Med J 2009;7:152-6.

Anthony L, Kulkarni C. Patterns of poisoning and drug overdosage and their outcome among in-patients admitted to the emergency medicine department of a tertiary care hospital. Indian J Crit Care Med 2012;16:130.

Bakhaidar M, Jan S, Farahat F, Attar A, Alsaywid B, Abuznadah W. Pattern of drug overdose and chemical poisoning among patients attending an emergency department, western Saudi Arabia. J Community Health 2015;40:57-61.

Siwach SB, Gupta A. The profile of acute poisonings in Harayana- Rohtak study. J Assoc Physicians India 1995;43:756-9.

Asawari R, Atmaram P, Bhagwan K, Priti D, Kavya S, Jabeen GA. Toxicological pattern of poisoning in urban hospitals of Western India. J Young Pharm 2017;9:315-20.

Ramanath KV, Kumar HD. Study the assessment of poisoning cases in a rural tertiary care teaching hospital by a clinical pharmacist. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2012;5:138-41.

Koylu R, Dundar ZD, Koylu O, Akinci E, Akilli NB, Gonen MO, et al. The experiences in a toxicology unit: A review of 623 cases. J Clin Med Res 2014;6:59-65.

Sulaj Z, Prifti E, Demiraj A, Strakosha A. Early clinical outcome of acute poisoning cases treated in intensive care unit. Med Arch 2015;69:400-4.

Moradi M, Ghaemi K, Mehrpour O. A hospital base epidemiology and pattern of acute adult poisoning across Iran: A systematic review. Electronic Physician 2016;8:2860-70.

Mittal N, Shafiq N, Bhalla A, Pandhi P, Malhotra S. A prospective observational study on different poisoning cases and their outcomes in a tertiary care hospital. SAGE Open Med 2013;1:2050312113504213.

Ahuja H, Mathai AS, Pannu A, Arora R. Acute poisonings admitted to a tertiary level intensive care unit in Northern India: Patient profile and outcomes. J Clin Diagn Res 2015;9:UC01-4.

Al-Barraq A, Farahat F. Pattern and determinants of poisoning in a teaching hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Pharma J 2011;19:57-63.

Mbarouk GS, Sawe HR, Mfinanga JA, Stein J, Levin S, Mwafongo V, et al. Patients with acute poisoning presenting to an urban emergency department of a tertiary hospital in Tanzania. BMC Res Notes 2017;10:482.

Paudyal BP. Poisoning: Pattern and profile of admitted cases in a hospital in central Nepal. J Nepal Med Assoc 2005;44:92-6.

Moazzam M, Al Saigul AM, Naguib M, Al Alfi MA. Pattern of acute poisoning in Al-Qassim region: A surveillance report from Saudi Arabia, 1999-2003. East Mediterr Health J 2009;15:1005-10.