AN IN VITRO STUDY OF ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY AND RADICAL SCAVENGING EFFECT OF SPINACIA OLERACEA LEAF EXTRACT

Mrinalini C Damle; Shivani K Jadhav

doi:10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i11.28021

Authors

Mrinalini C Damle Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, All India Shri Shivaji Memorial Societyâ€™s College of Pharmacy, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
Shivani K Jadhav Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, All India Shri Shivaji Memorial Societyâ€™s College of Pharmacy, Pune, Maharashtra, India.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i11.28021

Keywords:

Spinacia oleracea, Antioxidant activity, 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, Saponins, Flavonoids, Phenols, Anti-Alzheimer activity

Abstract

Objective: The study was carried out to evaluate the preliminary phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of Spinacia oleracea (SO).

Methods: The leaves of SO were shade dried, and the extract was prepared using solvent ethanol by Soxhlet extraction method. The preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out on the leaf extract of the plant. The total phenolic content and total flavonoids were estimated using Folin- Ciocalteu's and aluminum chloride reagents, respectively. Antioxidant activities were studied using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, nitric oxide, hydrogen radical, lipid peroxidation, and phosphomolybdenum radical scavenging assays.

Results: The preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of bioactive constituents such as phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and glycosides. As SO is a rich source of different bioactive component, it contains a considerable amount of flavonoids and phenols. The different antioxidant assays proved that spinach is one of the best antioxidants with its ability to scavenge different radicals that generate oxidative stress.

Conclusion: The observed activity may be associated with bioactive components such as phenols and flavonoids present in the leaf extracts and could have greater importance as nootropic plant in oxidative stress-related degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer and dementia.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Mrinalini C Damle, Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, All India Shri Shivaji Memorial Societyâ€™s College of Pharmacy, Pune, Maharashtra, India.

Professor,

Quality Assurance Department

References

Oluyemisi FK, Omoregie HE, Ochogu PA. Standardization of herbal medicines - a review. Int J Biodiverse Conserve 2012;4:101-12.

Dande PR, Sharma GM, Sharma RM, Chakraborthy GS. Pharmacognostical studies of leaves of Spinacia Oleracea Linn. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2010;1:41-6.

Pal SK, Shukla Y. Herbal medicine: Current status and the future. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2003;4:281-8.

Devasagayam TP, Tilak JC, Boloor KK, Sane KS, Ghaskadbi SS, Lele RD, et al. Free radicals and antioxidants in human health: Current status and future prospects. J Assoc Physicians India 2004;52:794-804.

Rasheed A, Marka V, Yalavarthy PD. A study on antioxidant activity of some commonly used spices in India. IJLBPR 2013;2:145-50.

Tyagi R, Sharma G, Jasuja ND, Menghani E. Indian medicinal plants as an effective antimicrobial agent. J Citation Reports 2016;3:69-71.

Jiraungkoorskul W. Review of neuro-nutrition used as anti-alzheimer plant, spinach, Spinacia oleracea. Pharmacogn Rev 2016;10:105-8.

Khandelwal KR. Practical Pharmacognocy Techniques and Experiments. 22nd ed. Pune: Nirali Prakashan; 2012. p. 25, 4-6.

Singleton VL, Rossi JR. Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents. Am J Enol Vitic 1965;16:144-58.

Sharma AK, Gangwar M, Chaturvedi AP, Sinha AS, Tripathi YB. Comparative analysis of phenolic and flavonoid content of Jatropha curcas Linn. Plant Arch 2012;12:823-6.

Meda A, Lamien CS, Romito M, Millogo J, Nacoulma OG. Determination of the total phenolic, flavonoid and proline contents in Burkina Fasanhoney, as well as the irradical scavenging activity. Food Chem 2005;91:571-7.

Adedopo AA, Jimoh FO, Folayan JA, Masika PJ. Antioxidant properties of methanol extracts of leaves and stems of Celtis Africana. Rec Nat Prod 2009;3:23-31.

Wolfe K, Wu X, Liu RH. Antioxidant activity of apple peels. J Agric Food Chem 2003;51:609-14.

Banerjee S, Adak K, Adak M, Ghosh S, Chatterjee A. Effect of some anti-nutritional factors on the bioavailability of minerals along with the study of chemical constituents and antioxidant property in Typhonium trilobatum and Spinacia oleracea. Chem Sci Rev and Lett 2015;4:429-39.

Lamaison JL, Carret A. Teneurs en principaux flavonoids des fleurs de Crataegus monogyna Jacq et de Crataegus laevigata (Piret DC) en fonction de la vegetation. Plantes Medicinales et Phytotherapie 1990;25:12-6.

Dixitha M, Santhy KS. Antioxidant and anti-clastogenic potential of Piper longum L. Int J Appl Pharm 2015;7:11-4.

Ansari AQ, Ahmed SA, Waheed MA, Sayyed JA. Extraction and determination of antioxidant activity of Withania somnifera dunal. Pelagia research library. Eur J Exp Biol 2013;3:502-7.

Janaki A, Kaleena PK, Phytochemical screening, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Millingtonia hortensis (L). Int J Curr Pharm Res 2017;9:162-7.

Mensor LL, Menezes FS, LeitÃ£o GG, Reis AS, dos Santos TC, Coube CS, et al. Screening of Brazilian plant extracts for antioxidant activity by the use of DPPH free radical method. Phytother Res 2001;15:127-30.

Green LC, Wagner DA, Glogowski J, Skipper PL, Wishnok JS, Tannenbaum SR, et al. Analysis of nitrate, nitrite, and [15N]nitrate in biological fluids. Anal Biochem 1982;126:131-8.

Kajaria DK, Gangwar M, Sharma AK, Tripathi YB, Tripathi JS, Tiwari S, et al. Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant capacity and reducing potential of polyherbal drug- BhÄraá¹…gyÄdi. Anc Sci Life 2012;32:24-8.

Mandal S, Hazra B, Sarkar R, Biswas S, Mandal N. Assessment of the antioxidant and reactive oxygen species scavenging activity of methanolic extract of Caesalpinia crista leaf. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2011;2011:173768.

Aruoma OI, Halliwell B. Action of hypochlorous acid on the antioxidant protective enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Biochem J 1987;248:973-6.

Kunchandy E, Rao MN. Oxygen radical scavenging activity of curcumin. Int J Pharm 1990;58 Suppl 3:237-40.

Alam MN, Bristi NJ, Rafiquzzaman M. Review on in vivo and in vitro methods evaluation of antioxidant activity. Saudi Pharm J 2013;21:143-52.

Janero DR. Malondialdehyde and thiobarbituric acid-reactivity as diagnostic indices of lipid peroxidation and peroxidative tissue injury. Free Radic Biol Med 1990;9:515-40.

Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem 1979;95:351-8.

Narayanan R, Chandrasekaran S, Sooriamuthu S, Jerrine J, Raaman N. Antioxidant activites and phytochemical analysis of methanol extract of leaves of Hypericum hookerianum. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2014;6:456-60.

Umesh TG. In vitro antioxidant potential, free radical scavenging and cytotoxic activity of Simarouba gluaca Leaves. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2014;7:411-6.