LANNEA SCHIMPERI: REVIEW OF ITS BOTANY, MEDICINAL USES, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES

ALFRED MAROYI

doi:10.22159/ajpcr.2019.v12i4.31970

Authors

ALFRED MAROYI Department of Botany, Medicinal Plants and Economic Development Research Centre, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2019.v12i4.31970

Keywords:

Anacardiaceae, Lannea schimperi, herbal medicine, tropical Africa

Abstract

Lannea schimperi is a well-known fruit tree and medicinal plant in tropical Africa. The current study critically reviewed the botany, medicinal uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of L. schimperi. Literature on botany, medicinal uses, phytochemical and biological activities of L. schimperi were collected from multiple internet sources including Elsevier, Google Scholar, SciFinder, Web of Science, PubMed, BMC, ScienceDirect, and Scopus. Complementary information was gathered from pre-electronic sources such as books, book chapters, theses, scientific reports, and journal articles obtained from the University Library. This study revealed that the species is used as a source of fiber, edible fruits, and herbal medicine. Phytochemical compounds identified from the species include cyclohexenones, cardanols, alkaloids, anthocyanins, anthracene glycosides, carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, carotenoids, condensed tannins, coumarins, flavonoids, phenolic glycosides, phenols, polyoses, polyuronoids, reducing sugars, saponins, steroids, tannins, triterpenoids, and volatile compounds. Pharmacological research revealed that extracts and phytochemical constituents isolated from L. schimperi have anesthetic, antibacterial, antifungal, anticoccidial, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antioxidant, anti-trypanosoma, antiulcerogenic, cytotoxicity, and toxicity activities. L. schimperi should be subjected to detailed phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological evaluations aimed at correlating its medicinal uses with its phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of the species.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

ALFRED MAROYI, Department of Botany, Medicinal Plants and Economic Development Research Centre, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa.

Botany, Professor

References

Brink M, Achigan-Dako EG. Plant Resources of Tropical Africa 16: Fibres. Wageningen: PROTA Foundation/CTA; 2012.

Van Wyk BE, Gericke N. People’s Plants: A Guide to Useful Plants of Southern Africa. Pretoria: Briza Publications; 2007.

Getahun A. The role of wild plants in the native diet in Ethiopia. Agro Ecosyst 1974;1:45-56.

Wondimu T, Asfaw Z, Kelbessa E. Ethnobotanical study of food plants around “Dheeraa” town, Arsi, Ethiopia. Sinet Ethiop J Sci 2006;29: 71 80.

Assefa A, Abebe T. Wild edible trees and shrubs in the semi-arid lowlands of Southern Ethiopia. J Sci Dev 2010;1:5-19.

Getachew A, Zemede A, Zerihun W. Ethnobotany of wild and semi-wild edible plants of konsoethnic community, South Ethiopia. Ethnobot Res Appl 2013;11:121-41.

Lockett CT, Grivetti LE. Food-related behaviors during drought: A study of rural Fulani, Northeastern Nigeria. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2000;51:91-107.

Mikail HG. Acute toxicity and in vitro trypanocidal activity of the methanolic leaves extract of Lannea schimperi. Int J Adv Res Biol Sci 2015;2:52-7.

Bigirimana C, Omujal F, Isubikalu P, Bizuru E, Obaa B, Malinga M, et al. Utilisation of indigenous fruit tree species within the Lake Victoria Basin, Rwanda. Agr Sci Int J 2016;1:1-13.

Johns T, Mhoro EB, Sanaya P. Food plants and masticants of the batemi of Ngorongoro district, Tanzania. Econ Bot 1996;50:115-21.

Williamson J. Useful Plants of Nyasaland. Zomba: The Government Printer; 1955.

Chhabra SC, Uiso FC, Mshiu EN. Phytochemical screening of Tanzanian medicinal plants. I. J Ethnopharmacol 1984;11:157-79.

Chhabra SC, Mahunnah RL, Mshiu EN. Plants used in traditional medicine in Eastern Tanzania. I. Pteridophytes and angiosperms (Acanthaceae to Canellaceae). J Ethnopharmacol 1987;21:253-77.

Burkill HM. The Useful Plants of West Tropical Africa, Families AD. London: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; 1985.

Neuwinger HD. African Traditional Medicine: A Dictionary of Plant Use and Applications. Stuttgart: Medpharm Scientific; 2000.

Kisangau DP, Herrmann TM, Lyaruu HV, Hosea KM, Joseph CC, Mbwambo ZH, et al. Traditional knowledge, use practices and conservation of medicinal plants for HIV/AIDS care in rural Tanzania. Ethnobot Res Appl 2011;9:43-57.

Oyen LP. Lannea schimperi (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Engl. In: Brink M, Achigan-Dako EG, editors. Plant Resources of Tropical Africa 16: Fibres. Wageningen: PROTA Foundation/CTA; 2012. p. 293-5.

Huffman MA, Ohigashi H, Kawanaka M, Page JE, Kirby GC, Gasquet M, et al. African great ape self-medication: A new paradigm for treating parasite disease with natural medicines. In: Ageta H, Aimi N, Ebizuka Y, Fujita T, Honda G, editors. Towards Natural Medicine Research in the 21st Century, Proceedings of the International Symposium on Natural Medicines. Kyoto, Japan. New York: Elsevier; 1998. p. 113-23.

Faleyimu OI. Indigenous uses of medicinal plants for the treatment of farm animals in rafilocal government area, Niger State, Nigeria. J Sustain Dev Afr 2015;17:1-11.

Tekle Y. Study on ethno veterinary practices in amaro special district Southern Ethiopia. Med Aromatic Pl 2015;4:186.

Demie G, Negash M, Awas T. Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by indigenous people in and around Dirre sheikh Hussein heritage site of South-Eastern Ethiopia. J Ethnopharmacol 2018;220:87-93.

Schmelzer GH, Gurib-Fakim A. The Plant Resources of Tropical Africa 11(2): Medicinal Plants 2. Wageningen: Plant Resources of Tropical Africa; 2008.

Schmelzer GH, Gurib-Fakim A. The Plant Resources of Tropical Africa 11(2): Medicinal Plants 2. Wageningen: Plant Resources of Tropical Africa; 2013.

Van Wyk BE, Van Oudtshoorn B, Gericke N. Medicinal Plants of South Africa. Pretoria: Briza Publications; 2013.

Neffati M, Najjaa H, Mathé A. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of the World. Vol. 3. Africa, Leiden: Springer; 2017.

Maroyi A. Lannea discolor: Its botany, ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2018;11:49-54.

Maroyi A. Lannea acida: A review of its medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2018;11:69 74.

Maroyi A. A review of ethnobotany, therapeutic value, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Crinum macowanii Baker: A highly traded bulbous plant in Southern Africa. J Ethnopharmacol 2016;194:595-608.

Maroyi A. From traditional usage to pharmacological evidence: Systematic review of Gunnera perpensa L. Evid Based Complement Alt Med 2016;2016:1720123.

Maroyi A. Lippia javanica (Burm. F.) Spreng: Traditional and commercial uses, phytochemical and pharmacological significance. Evid Based Complement Alt Med 2017;2017:6746071.

Maroyi A. Acacia karroo Hayne: Ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of an important medicinal plant in Southern Africa. Asian Pac J Trop Med 2017;10:351-60.

Maroyi A. Ethnobotanical, phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Crinum bulbispermum (Burm F.) Milne-Redh and Schweick. (Amaryllidaceae). Trop J Pharm Res 2016;15:2497-506.

Maroyi A. Ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of the genus Kirkia. Trop J Pharm Res 2016;15:2507-16.

Maroyi A. Kirkia acuminata Oliv. (Kirkiaceae): A review of its ethnobotany and pharmacology. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med 2017;14:217-26.

Maroyi A. Phytochemical and ethnopharmacological review of Elephantorrhiza goetzei (Harms) harms. Asian Pac J Trop Med 2017; 10:107-13.

Maroyi A. Elephantorrhiza elephantina: Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of an important medicinal plant species in Southern Africa. Evidence-Based Complement Altern Med 2017;2017:6856154.

Maroyi A. Traditional usage, phytochemistry and pharmacology of croton Sylvaticus Hochst. Ex C. Krauss. Asian Pac J Trop Med 2017;10:423-9.

Maroyi A. Ethnopharmacology and therapeutic value of Bridelia micrantha (Hochst.) Baill. In tropical Africa: A comprehensive review. Molecules 2017;22:1493.

Maroyi A. Ethnopharmacological uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of Croton macrostachyus Hochst. Ex Delile: A comprehensive review. Evidence Based Complement Alternat Med 2017;2017:1694671.

Singh A, Mishra JN, Singh SK. Pharmacological importance of Moringa concanensis Nimmo leaf: An overview. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2019;12:27-31.

Jaafar NS, Jaafar IS. Erucasativa Linn. Pharmacognostical and pharmacological properties and pharmaceutical preparations. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2019;12:39-45.

Maroyi A. Croton megalocarpus Hutch. In tropical Africa: Phytochemistry, pharmacology and medicinal potential. Res J Med Plants 2017;11:124-33.

Maroyi A. Ethnopharmacology and therapeutic value of Croton megalobotrys Mϋll. Arg: A systematic review. Trop J Pharm Res 2017;16:1319-26.

Maroyi A. Eucleaundulata thunb: Review of its botany, ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry and biological activities. Asian Pacific J Trop Med 2017;10:1030-6.

Maroyi A. Review of ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of Euclea natalensis A.DC. Molecules 2017; 22:E2128.

Maroyi A. Diospyros lycioides Desf: Review of its botany, medicinal uses, pharmacological activities and phytochemistry. Asian Pacific J Trop Biomed 2018;8:130-6.

Maroyi A. Dicoma capensis Less: A review of its botany, ethnomedicine, phytochemistry and pharmacology. Asian J Agric Biol 2018;6:287-94.

Maroyi A. Syzygium cordatum hochst. Ex krauss: An overview of its ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties. Molecules 2018;23:E1084.

Maroyi A. Astraea lobata (L.) Klotzsch (Euphorbiaceae): An ethnopharmacological review. Trop J Pharm Res 2018;17:1215-23.

Maroyi A. Dicoma anomala Sond: A review of its botany, ethnomedicine, phytochemistry and pharmacology. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2018;11:70-7.

Maroyi A. Heteromorpha arborescens: Review of its botany, medicinal uses and pharmacological properties. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2018; 11:75-82.

Maroyi A. Dombeya rotundifolia (Hochst.) Planch: Review of its botany, medicinal uses, phytochemistry and biological activities. J Complement Med Res 2018;9:74-82.

Maroyi A. Review of ethnomedicinal, phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Lannea schweinfurthii (Engl.) Engl. Molecules 2019;24:E732.

Maroyi A. Ethnopharmacological and phytochemical review of Acacia ataxacantha. Trop J Pharm Res 2018;17:2301-8.

Christenhusz MJ, Byng JW. The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase. Phytotaxa 2016;261:201-17.

Palmer E, Pitman N. Trees of Southern Africa Covering all Known Indigenous Species in the Republic of South Africa, South-West Africa, Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland. Cape Town: Balkema; 1972.

Schmidt E, Lotter M, McCleland W. Trees and Shrubs of Mpumalanga and Kruger National Park. Johannesburg: Jacana Media; 2002.

Sappi GH. What’s in a Name? The Meaning of the Botanical Names of Trees. Johannesburg: Jacana Media; 2004.

Wannan BS. Analysis of generic relationships in anacardiaceae. Blumea 2006;51:165-95.

Pell SK, Mitchell JD, Miller AJ, Lobova TA. Anacardiaceae. In: Kubitzki K, editor. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants: Flowering Plants Eucodicots: Sapindales, Cucurbitales and Myrtaceae. London: Springer; 2011. p. 7-50.

Fernandes R, Fernandes A. Anacardiaceae. In: Exell AW, Fernandes A, Wild H, editors. Flora Zambesiaca 2, Part 2. London: Crown Agents for Overseas Governments and Administrations; 1966. p. 550-615.

Kokwaro JO. Anacardiaceae. In: Polhill RM, editor. Flora of Tropical East Africa. Rotterdam: AA Balkema; 1986. p. 1-59.

Friis IB, Vollensen K. 1. Catalogue of Vascular Plants, 1st Part. In: Flora of the Sudan-Uganda Border Area East of the Nile. Copenhagen: The Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters; 1998.

Palgrave CM. Keith Coates Palgrave Trees of Southern Africa. Cape Town: Struik Publishers; 2002.

Burrows JE, Burrows SM, Lötter MC, Schmidt E. Trees and Shrubs Mozambique. Cape Town: Publishing Print Matters (Pty); 2018.

Verzar R, Petrii G. Medicinal plants in Mozambique and their popular use. J Ethnopharmacol 1987;19:67-80.

Jeruto P, Lukhoba C, Ouma G, Otieno D, Mutai C. An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by the Nandi people in Kenya. J Ethnopharmacol 2008;116:370-6.

Jeruto P, Lukhoba C, Ouma G, Otieno D, Mutai C. Herbal treatments in Aldai and Kaptumo divisions in Nandi district, rift valley province, Kenya. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med 2007;5:103-5.

Jeruto P, Mutai C, Ouma G, Lukhoba C, Nyamaka RL, Manani SD. Ethnobotanical survey and propagation of some endangered medicinal plants from South Nandi district of Kenya. J Anim Plant Sci 2010;8:1016-43.

Augustino S, Hall JB, Makonda FB, Ishengoma RC. Medicinal resources of the miombo woodlands of Urumwa, Tanzania: Plants and its uses. J Med Plant Res 2011;5:6352-72.

Ngezahayo J, Havyarimana F, Hari L, Stévigny C, Duez P. Medicinal plants used by Burundian traditional healers for the treatment of microbial diseases. J Ethnopharmacol 2015;173:338-51.

Kisangau DP, Lyaruu HV, Hosea KM, Joseph CC. Use of traditional medicines in the management of HIV/AIDS opportunistic infections in Tanzania: A case in the Bukoba rural district. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2007;3:29.

Lulekal E, Kelbessa E, Bekele T, Yineger H. An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants in Mana Angetu district, Southeastern Ethiopia. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2008;4:10.

Chinsembu KC, Hedimbi M. An ethnobotanical survey of plants used to manage HIV/AIDS opportunistic infections in Katima Mulilo, Caprivi region, Namibia. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2010;6:25.

Luoga EJ, Witkowski ET, Balkwill K. Differential utilization and ethnobotany of trees in Kitulanghalo forest reserve and surrounding communal lands, Eastern Tanzania. Econ Bot 2000;54:328-43.

Moshi MJ, Mbwambo ZH. Experience of Tanzanian traditional healers in the management of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Pharm Biol 2002;40:552-60.

Moshi MJ, Mbwambo ZH, Nondo RS, Masimba PJ, Kamuhabwa A, Kapingu MC, et al. Evaluation of ethnomedical claims and brine shrimp toxicity of some plants used in Tanzaniaas traditional medicines. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med 2006;3:48-58.

Wanzala W, Syombua M, Alwala JO. A survey of the applications and use of ethnomedicinal plants and plant products for healthcare from the Ukambani region in eastern Kenya. Indian J Ethnophytopharm 2016; 2:6-58.

Haule EE, Moshi MJ, Nondo RS, Mwangomo DT, Mahunnah RL. A study of antimicrobial activity, acute toxicity and cytoprotective effect of a polyherbal extract in a rat ethanol-HCl gastric ulcer model. BMC Res Notes 2012;5:546.

Okoth DA. Phytochemistry and Bioactive Natural Products from Lannea alata, Lannea rivae, Lannea schimperi and Lannea schweinfurthii (Anacardiaceae). PhD Thesis. Pietermaritsburg: University of Kwazulu-Natal; 2014.

Okoth DA, Koorbanally NA. Cardanols, long chain cyclohexenones and cyclohexenols from Lannea schimperi (Anacardiaceae). Nat Prod Commun 2015;10:103-6.

Egbe OE, Akumka DD, Muhammed A, Mikail GH. Phytochemistry, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of methanolic leaves extract of Lannea schimperi (Hoschst. ex Rich). Eng Recent Patents Biotechnol 2015;9:145-52.

Sherfi TK, Ibrahim AA, Ahmed AA, Omer G. Phyto-constituents and antioxidant activity of Rhus abyssinica, Heeria insignis and Lannea schimperi (Anacardiaceae family). Eur Acad Res 2016;4:6493-509.

Anderson DM, Hendrie A. An analytical study of gum exudates from some species of the genus Lannea A. Rich. Phytochemistry 1970; 9:1585-8.

Anderson DM, Hendrie A, Munro AC. The amino acid and amino sugar composition of some plant gums. Phytochemistry 1972;11:733-6.

Ekuadzi E, Dickson RA, Fleischer TC, Dapaah SO, Reynolds EO, Akpabey ES, et al. Antimicrobial and modulation effects of selected Ghanaian medicinal plants. J Sci Technol 2016;36:1-7.

Kisangau DP, Hosea KM, Lyaruu HV, Joseph CC, Mbwambo ZH, Masimba PJ, et al. Screening of traditionally used Tanzanian medicinal plants for antifungal activity. Pharm Biol 2009;47:708-16.

Mikail HG, Akumka DD, Adamu M. Local anaesthetic effect of methanolic leaves extract of Lannea schimperi (Hoschst. Ex rich) eng. Recent Pat Biotechnol 2016;10:279-86.

Mikail HG, Yusuf M, Hussain G. In vitro anticoccidial activity of methanolic leaves extract of Lannea schimperi against oocysts of Eimeria tenella. IOSR J Pharm Biol Sci 2016;11:35-8.

Kisangau DP, Lyaruu HV, Hosea KM, Joseph CC, Bruno LN, Devkota KP, et al. In vitro cytotoxicity of some medicinal plants used in traditional medicine in Tanzania. In: Chandra PK, editor. Medicinal Plants and Sustainable Development. New York: Nova Science Publishers; 2011. p. 91-100.