STUDIES ON THE LARVICIDAL EFFICACY OF LEAF EXTRACT OF VITEX NEGUNDO AGAINST CULEX QUINQUEFASCIATUS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2019.v12i11.32826Keywords:
Vitex negundo, Culex quinquefasciatus, Larvicidal activityAbstract
Objective: Mosquitoes are one of the most significant vectors among arthropods. Infection due to mosquito plays a major health problem in developing countries. Repeated use of synthetic insecticides for mosquito control has disrupted natural biological control systems and led to resurgences in mosquito populations. Plants may be an alternative source of mosquito control, potential as insecticide. Controlling of mosquitoes at the larval stage is easy, as target specificity of the larvicide used can be ensured.
Methods: The present study has assessed the role of larvicidal activity of aqueous, chloroform, and methanol leaf extracts of Vitex negundo plant against first, second, third, and fourth instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus. Mortality rates were recorded after 24 h and 48 h to evaluate the larvicidal activity against C. quinquefasciatus.
Results: Among the three extracts, the methanol extract was found to be the most effective providing 86.67% mortality at 200 ppm concentration against the larvae of C. quinquefasciatus, when compared with aqueous and chloroform extracts, where the mortality rate is 83.33% and 70.00%, respectively.
Conclusions: The results therefore clearly indicate that V. negundo leaf extracts possess larvicidal activity against the larvae and could be a possible source of mosquito larvicides.
Downloads
References
World Health Organization. Vector Resistance to Pesticides. 15th Report of the WHO Expert Committee on Vector Biology and Control. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 1992.
Ghosh A, Chowdhury N, Chandra G. Plant extracts as potential mosquito larvicides. Indian J Med Res 2012;135:581-98.
Maheswaran R, Ignacimuthu S, Satish S. Larvicidal activity of Leucas aspera against Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti. Int J Integr Biol 2008;2:214.
World Health Organisation. Lymphatic Filariasis. Geneva: World Health Organisation; 1984.
Matsumura F. Toxicology of Insecticides. U.S.A, New York: Plenum Press; 1975. p. 275.
Brown AW. Insecticide resistance in mosquitoes: A pragmatic review. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 1986;2:123-40.
Konopatzki BC, De Oliveira Silva Paula CD, Zortea FS, Dos Santos MC, Da Silva Bezerra C, et al. Larvicide and antifungal activities of Sarsaparilla (Smilax larvata) extracts. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2015;7:308-11.
Rajendran A, Daniel P. The Indian Verbenaceae: A Taxonomic Revision. Dehradun: Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh; 2002. p. 341-86.
Tandon VR, Gupta RK. Vitex negundo Linn (VN) leaf extract as an adjuvant therapy to standard anti-inflammatory drugs. Indian J Med Res 2006;124:447-50.
Harbone JB. Phytochemical Methods: A Guide to Modern Techniques of Plant Analysis. 3rd ed. Chapman and Hall London: Cambridge Univesity Press; 1973. p. 279.
Abbott WS. A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. J Econ Entomol 1925;1:265-7.
Finney DJ. Probit Analysis: A statistical treatment of the sigmoid response curve from the seeds of Vitex negundo. JNP 1971;67:2073-5.
Bernhard L, Bernhard P, Magnussen P. Management of patients with lymphoedema caused by filariasis in North-Eastern Tanzania: Alternative approaches. Physiotherapy 2003;89:743-9.
Sharma HK, Chhangte L, Dolui AK. Traditional medicinal plants in Mizoram, India. Fitoterapia 2001;72:146-61.
Kannathasan K, Senthilkumar A, Chandrasekaran M, Venkatesalu V. Differential larvicidal efficacy of four species of Vitex against Culex quinquefasciatus larvae. Parasitol Res 2007;101:1721-3.
Nayak JB, Rajani B. Larvicidal activity of Vitex negundo leaf extract against Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito larvae. Int J Curr Res 2014;6:983-5.
Karthikeyan J, Nila KM, Thooyavan G, Vimalkumar E. Larvicidal and antibacterial efficacy of green synthesized siver nanoparticles using Melia dubia. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2014;6:395-9.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
The publication is licensed under CC By and is open access. Copyright is with author and allowed to retain publishing rights without restrictions.
