QUALITY ASSESSMENT AND QUANTIFICATION OF GENISTEIN IN DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS BY HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY, QUANTITATIVE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE, AND TWO-DIMENSIONAL DIFFUSION ORDERED SPECTROSCOPY 1H
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2020.v13i3.36094Keywords:
Genistein, Quantification, High-performance liquid chromatography, Quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance, Two-dimensional diffusion ordered spectroscopyAbstract
Objective: The aim of the present study is to analyze four herbal dietary supplements containing genistein by liquid chromatography, quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR), and diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) 1H NMR.
Methods: Quantification of the active ingredient, genistein, is carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and qNMR. Two-dimensional (2D) DOSY NMR also allows the qualitative analysis of the samples with the detection of active ingredient and excipients present in the formulations.
Results: The validated HPLC and qNMR methods showed that all four supplements contain genistein in different amounts, and 2D DOSY NMR provides a clear image of all ingredients in the formulations.
Conclusion: The use of the three techniques provides detailed information on each product and its contents, and all of them are currently used for the quality control of natural supplements by our laboratory.
Downloads
References
Quideau S, Deffieux D, Douat-Casassus C, Pouységu L. Plant polyphenols: Chemical properties, biological activities, and synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011;50:586-621.
The Groupe Polyphenols. Bordeaux: Universite de Bordeaux Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie; c2019. Available from: https://www.groupepolyphenols.com/the-society/why-bother-with-polyphenols. [Last accessed on 2019 Nov 25].
Nabavi SM, Nabavi SF, Eslami S, Moghaddam AH. In vivo protective effects of quercetin against sodium fluoride-induced oxidative stress in the hepatic tissue. Food Chem 2012;132:931-5.
Arts IC, Hollman PC. Polyphenols and disease risk in epidemiologic studies. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;81:317S-25S.
Khan N, Mukhtar H. Multitargeted therapy of cancer by green tea polyphenols. Cancer Lett 2008;269:269-80.
Daglia M. Polyphenols as antimicrobial agents. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2012;23:174-81.
Scalbert A, Manach C, Morand C, Rémésy C, Jiménez L. Dietary polyphenols and the prevention of diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2005;45:287-306.
Yang CS, Lee MJ, Chen L, Yang GY. Polyphenols as inhibitors of carcinogenesis. Environ Health Perspect 1997;105 Suppl 4:971-6.
Kehrer JP, Smith CV. Free radicals in biology: Sources, reactivities, and roles in the etiology of human diseases. In: Frei B, editor. Natural Antioxidants in Human Health and Disease. California: Academic Press; 1994. p. 25-62.
Kühnau J. The flavonoids. A class of semi-essential food components: Their role in human nutrition. World Rev Nutr Diet 1976;24:117-91.
Singleton VL. Naturally occurring food toxicants: Phenolic substances of plant origin common in foods. Adv Food Res 1981;27:149-242.
Saito M, Hosoyama H, Ariga T, Kataoka S, Yamaji N. Antiulcer activity of grape seed extract and procyanidins. J Agric Food Chem 1998;46:1460-4.
Dongare S, Rajendran S, Senthilkumari S, Gupta SK, Mathur R, Saxena R, et al. Genistein alleviates high glucose iduced toxicity and angiogenesis in cultured human RPE cells. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2015;7:294-8.
Daglia M, Di Lorenzo A, Nabavi SF, Talas ZS, Nabavi SM. Polyphenols: Well beyond the antioxidant capacity: Gallic acid and related compounds as neuroprotective agents: You are what you eat! Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2014;15:362-72.
Jacob V, Hagai T, Soliman K. Structure-activity relationships of flavonoids. Curr Org Chem 2011;15:2641-57.
Jaganath IB, Crozier A. Dietary flavonoids and phenolic compounds. In: Fraga C, editor. Plant Phenol and Human Health: Biochemistry, Nutrition and Pharmacology. New York: Wiley; 2009.
Preedy VR. Isoflavones: Chemistry, Analysis, Function and Effects. London: The Royal Society of Chemistry; 2013.
Spagnuolo C, Russo GL, Orhan IE, Habtemariam S, Daglia M, Sureda A, et al. Genistein and cancer: Current status, challenges, and future directions. Adv Nutr 2015;6:408-19.
Fotsis T, Pepper M, Adlercreutz H, Fleischmann G, Hase T, Montesano R, et al. Genistein, a dietary-derived inhibitor of in vitro angiogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1993;90:2690-4.
Sarkar FH, Adsule S, Padhye S, Kulkarni S, Li Y. The role of genistein and synthetic derivatives of isoflavone in cancer prevention and therapy. Mini Rev Med Chem 2006;6:401-7.
Anterpreet C, Adesh KS, Anil KC, Reena VS. Natural antioxidants as defense system against cancer. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2018;11:38-44.
Jayashree V, Priyanka S, Reshma A. A review on screening methods of breast cancer, cancer biomarkers and phytoconstituents against breast cancer. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2017;10:17-21.
Yang Q, Qiu H, Guo W, Wang D, Zhou X, Xue D, et al. Quantitative 1H-NMR method for the determination of tadalafil in bulk drugs and its tablets. Molecules 2015;20:12114-24.
Holzgrabe U, Deubner R, Schollmayer C, Waibel B. Quantitative NMR spectroscopy-applications in drug analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2005;38:806-12.
Ohtsuki T, Sato K, Sugimoto N, Akiyama H, Kawamura Y. Absolute quantification for benzoic acid in processed foods using quantitative proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Talanta 2012;99:342-8.
Trefi S, Gilard V, Balayssac S, Malet-Martino M, Martino R. Quality assessment of fluoxetine and fluvoxamine pharmaceutical formulations purchased in different countries or via the internet by 19F and 2D DOSY 1H NMR. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008;46:707-22.
International Conference on Harmonization. Harmonized Tripartite Guideline, Validation of Analytical Procedure: Methodology. In: Federation Manufacturers and Associations, editor. Proceedings of the International Conference on Harmonization. Geneva: International Conference on Harmonization; 1996.
Pauli GF, Chen SN, Simmler C, Lankin DC, Gödecke T, Jaki BU, et al. Importance of purity evaluation and the potential of quantitative ¹H NMR as a purity assay. J Med Chem 2014;57:9220-31.
Pandit NT, Patravale VB. Design and optimization of a novel method for extraction of genistein. Indian J Pharm Sci 2011;73:184-92.
Fawwaz M, Akbar N, Pratama M, Saleh A, Baits M. High performance liquid chromatographic analysis of isoflavones aglycone in Indonesian soybean. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2016;7:4230-3.
Caligiani A, Palla G, Maietti A, Cirlini M, Brandolini V. 1H NMR fingerprinting of soybean extracts, with emphasis on identification and quantification of isoflavones. Nutrients 2010;2:280-9.
Phansalkar RS, Simmler C, Bisson J, Chen SN, Lankin DC, McAlpine JB, et al. Evolution of quantitative measures in NMR: Quantum mechanical qHNMR advances chemical standardization of a red clover (Trifolium pratense) extract. J Nat Prod 2017;80:634-47.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
The publication is licensed under CC By and is open access. Copyright is with author and allowed to retain publishing rights without restrictions.