DISSOLUTION KINETICS OF PARTIALLY PURIFIED BROMELAIN FROM PINEAPPLE CORES (ANANAS COMOSUS [L.] MERR.) ENCAPSULATED IN GLUTARALDEHYDE-CROSSLINKED ALGINATE-GUAR GUM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2020.v13i3.36629Keywords:
Bromelain, Encapsulation, Alginate-guar gum, Dissolution, KineticsAbstract
Objective: Bromelain is susceptible to low pH and thus must be encapsulated in glutaraldehyde-crosslinked alginate-guar gum (Alg-GG) hydrogels to avoid bromelain activity degradation in the stomach.
Methods: Isolated crude bromelain was purified through ammonium sulfate precipitation, sodium benzoate precipitation, and dialysis. Bromelain-loaded Alg-GG was dissolved in artificial gastric fluid and intestinal environment.
Results: The bromelain fractions showed a higher specific activity (U/mg) than the crude enzyme (51.32), as follows ammonium sulfate fraction (267.70±4.67), sodium benzoate fraction (115.63±3.35), and dialysis fraction (332.22). The dialysis fraction was encapsulated in Alg-GG hydrogel containing 0.75% (v/v) glutaraldehyde through the post-loading method. The swelling ratios of the hydrogel are 188.43% at pH 1.2 and 563.83% at pH 7.4. The highest encapsulation efficiency is 72.2%. The maximum bromelain concentration released during dissolution is higher in artificial intestinal environment (1.97 mg/L) than in artificial gastric fluid (0.18 mg/L), and the maximum proteolytic activities are 1.3 and 0.15 U/mL, respectively. Data were incorporated into the zero-order, first-order, Higuchi, and Korsmeyer–Peppas models to determine the kinetics and mechanism of bromelain dissolution. All bromelain concentrations (70, 140, and 210 ppm) follow the Korsmeyer–Peppas model. The dissolution mechanism is a combination of diffusion and erosion. Both the dialysis fraction (56.59%) and the dissolution product (47.45%) showed a good in vitro antiplatelet activity.
Conclusion: The present data show the promise of Alg-GG encapsulation as a vehicle for orally administered therapeutic enzymes.
Downloads
References
Cardiovascular Division and Health Service Centre. Reducing the Burden of CVD In Indonesia. Newtown: The George Institute for Global Health; 2017.
ISTH Steering Committee for World Thrombosis Day. Thrombosis: A major contributor to the global disease burden. J Thromb Haemost 2014;12:1580-90.
Kim HJ, Lee YH, Im SA, Kim K, Lee CK. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors, aspirin and ibuprofen, inhibit mhc-restricted antigen presentation in dendritic cells. Immune Netw 2010;10:92-8.
Huang ES, Strate LL, Ho WW, Lee SS, Chan AT. Long-term use of aspirin and the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding. Am J Med 2011;124:426-33.
Sub-directorate of Horticulture Statistics. Statistics of Annual Fruit and Vegetable Plants Indonesia. Jakarta: BPS Statistics Indonesia; 2017.
Bhattacharyya BK. Bromelain: An overview. Nat Prod Rad 2008;7:359-63.
Setiasih S, Darwis AA, Dzikria V, Hudiyono S. Stability test of partially purified bromelain from pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr) core extract in artificial stomatch fluid. IOP Conf Ser 2018;299:1-7.
Chobotova K, Vernallis AB, Majid FA. Bromelain’s activity and potential as an anti-cancer agent: Current evidence and perspectives. Cancer Lett 2010;290:148-56.
Shaikh HK, Kshirsagar RV, Patil SG. Mathematical models for drug release characterization: A review. World J Pharm Pharm Sci 2015;4:324-38.
Shoaib MH, Tazeen J, Merchant HA, Yousuf RI. Evaluation of drug release kinetics from ibuprofen matrix tablets using HPMC. Pak J Pharm Sci 2006;19:119-24.
Setiasih S, Prabowo HA, Budianto E, Hudiyono S. Dissolution profiles of partially purified bromelain from pineapple cores [Ananas comosus (L.) Merr] encapsulated in glutaraldehyde-crosslinked chitosan. J Appl Pharm Sci 2018;8:17-24.
Musfiroh FF, Setiasih S, Handayani S, Hudiyono S, Ilyas NM. In vivo antiplatelet activity aggregation assay of bromelain fractionate by ethanol from extract pineapple core (Ananas comosus [L.] Merr). IOP Conf Ser 2018;299:1-4.
George M, Abraham TE. pH sensitive alginate-guar gum hydrogel for the controlled delivery of protein drugs. Int J Pharm 2007;335:123-9.
Selvakumaran S, Muhamad II, Abd Razak SI. Evaluation of kappa carrageenan as potential carrier for floating drug delivery system: Effect of pore forming agents. Carbohydr Polym 2016;135:207-14.
Zhu Z, Li Y, Li X, Li R, Jia Z, Liu B, et al. Paclitaxel-loaded poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone)-b-poly(epsilon-caprolactone) nanoparticles: Preparation and antitumor activity in vivo. J Control Release 2010;142:438-46.
Logoyda L, Kovalenko S, Abdel-Megied AM, Zhulkevych I, Drapak I, Demchuk I, et al. HPLC method development for the analysis of bisoprolol in combined dosage form containing bisoprolol and enalapril and in vitro dissolutions studied. Int J Appl Pharm 2019;11:186-94.
Reece JB, Campbell NA, Meyers N, Urry LA, Cain ML, Wasserman SA, et al. Campbell Biology. 9th ed. French Forest: Pearson Australia; 2011.
Fadhilah Y, Shoobihah A, Setiasih S, Handayani S, Hudiyono S. The Effect of Ca2+, Mg2+ ions, cysteine, and benzoic acid on the activity of purified bromelain from pineapple core extract (Ananas comosus [L] Merr). AIP Conf Proc 2018;2049:20029.
Lee KY, Mooney DJ. Alginate: Properties and biomedical applications. Prog Polym Sci 2012;37:106-26.
Agüero L, Zaldivar-Silva D, Peña L, Dias ML. Alginate microparticles as oral colon drug delivery device: A review. Carbhohydr Polym 2017;168:32-43.
Redmile-Gordon MA, Armenise E, White RP, Hirsch PR, Goulding KW. A comparison of two colorimetric assays, based upon Lowry and Bradford techniques, to estimate total protein in soil extracts. Soil Biol Biochem 2013;67:166-73.
Bradford MM. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 1976;72:248-54.
Caccavo D, Cascone S, Lamberti G, Barba AA, Larsson A. Swellable hydrogel-based system for controlled drug delivery. In: Sezer AD, editor. Smart Drug Delivery System. London: InTech; 2016. p. 237-303.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
The publication is licensed under CC By and is open access. Copyright is with author and allowed to retain publishing rights without restrictions.
