EFFECT OF VIRGIN COCONUT OIL ON MYCOBACTERIUM SMEGMATIS AND STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS TREATED WITH EXTRACTS OF ZANTHOXYLUM ACANTHOPODIUM FRUIT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2021.v14i8.38219Keywords:
Mycobacterium smegmatis, Staphylococcus aureus, Virgin coconut oil, Zanthoxylum acanthopodium, Ions leakagesAbstract
Objectives: To understand the potency of herbal formulation of virgin coconut oil (VCO) and andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium) fruit activity against microbes, effects of ethylene acetate and hexane extracts of fruit of andaliman on viability and ions leakages of Mycobacterium smegmatis dan Staphylococcus aureus treated with VCO has been investigated.
Methods: Antibacterial activity of extracts of andaliman fruit, or VCO, or andaliman and VCO against M. smegmatis and S. aureus was investigated using MTT assay method. Membrane disruption of bacterial cells treated with the plant extract and VCO was determined by measuring potassium and sodium ions leakages using Atomic Adsorbtion Spectrophotometer.
Results: VCO of 512 μg/ml did not have antibacterial activity. In M. smegmatis treated with andaliman hexane extract, presence VCO decreased both ions leakage whereas in S. aureus treated with ethyl acetate extract only sodium ion was decreased. In both microorganisms, VCO could not protect cells of both M. smegmatis and S. aureus from death caused by andaliman extracts.
Conclusions: VCO prevented ions leakages of the bacteria treated with extract of andaliman but did not protects cells from death.
Downloads
References
Chua LS, Alitabarimansor M, Lee CT, Mat R. Hydrolysis of virgin coconut oil using immobilized lipase in a batch reactor. Enzyme Res 2012;2012:542589.
Bureau of Agriculture and Fisheries Standards, Philippine vco standard, Philipp Natl Stand; 2007. p. 8.
Wachidah EY, Asmara W, Artama WT, Tabbu CR. Virgin coconut oil meningkatkan aktivitas fagositosis makrofag ayam pedaging pascavaksinasi flu burung. J Vet 2013;14:190-6.
Rini H, Sulistyo J, Rahayu RD. Extraction of coconut oil (Cocos nucifera L.) through fermentation system. Biodiversitas J Biol Divers 2009;10:151-7.
Rahmadi A, Abdiah I, Sukarno MD, Purnaningsih T. Karakteristik fisikokimia dan antibakteri virgin coconut oil hasil fermentasi bakteri asam laktat. J Teknol Ind Pangan 2013;24:178-83.
Loung FS, Silalahi J, Suryanto D. Antibacterial activity of enzymatic hydrolyzed of virgin coconut oil and palm kernel oil against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella thypi and Escherichia coli. Int J Pharmtech Res 2014;6:628-33.
Peñalvo GC, Robledo VR, Callado CS, Santander-Ortega MJ, Castro- Vázquez L, Victoria Lozano M, et al. Improving green enrichment of virgin olive oil by oregano. Effects on antioxidants. Food Chem 2016;197:509-15.
Parhusip AJ, Yasni S, Elizabeth Y. Kajian mekanisme antibakteri ekstrak Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC) terhadap mikroba patogen dan perusak pangan. J Ilmu Tekno Pangan 2003;1:112-23.
Julistiono H, Lestari FG, Iryanto R, Lotulung PD. Antimycobacterial activity of fruit of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC against Mycobacterium smegmatis. Avicenna J Phytomed 2018;8:432-8.
Campen RL, Ackerley DF, Cook GM, O’Toole RF. Development of a Mycobacterium smegmatis transposon mutant array for characterising the mechanism of action of tuberculosis drugs: Findings with isoniazid and its structural analogues. Tuberculosis 2015;95:432-9.
Staudinger T, Redl B, Glasgow BJ. Antibacterial activity of rifamycins for M. smegmatis with comparison of oxidation and binding to tear lipocalin. Biochim Biophys Acta 2014;1844:750-8.
Fan S, Li DF, Wang DC, Fleming J, Zhang H, Zhou Y, et al. Structure and function of Mycobacterium smegmatis 7-keto-8-aminopelargonic acid (KAPA) synthase. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015;58:71-80.
Yoon BK, Jackman JA, Kim MC, Cho NJ. Spectrum of membrane morphological responses to antibacterial fatty acids and related surfactants. Langmuir 2015;31:10223-32.
Nazzaro F, Fratianni F, De Martino L, Coppola R, de Feo V. Effect of essential oils on pathogenic bacteria. Pharmaceuticals 2013;6:1451-74.
Moodley S, Koorbanally NA, Moodley T, Ramjugernath D, and Pillay M. The 3- (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay is a rapid, cheap, screening test for the in vitro antituberculous activity of chalcones. J. Microbiol Methods 2014;104: 72-8.
El Baz AF and Shetaia YM. Evaluation of Different Assays for the Activity of Yeast Killer Toxin. Int J Agr Biol 2005;7:1003-6.
Julistiono H, Lestari FG, Iryanto R, Lotulung PD. Antimycobacterial activity of fruit of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC against Mycobacterium smegmatis. Avicenna J Phytomed 2018;8:432-8.
Suriyanarayanan B, Shanmugam K, Santhosh RS. Synthetic quercetin inhibits mycobacterial growth possibly by interacting with DNA gyrase. Rom Biotechnol Lett 2013;18:8587-93.
Demidchik V, Straltsova D, Medvedev SS, Pozhvanov GA, Sokolik A, Yurin V. Stress-induced electrolyte leakage: The role of K+-permeable channels and involvement in programmed cell death and metabolic adjustment. J Exp Bot 2014;65:1259-70.
Chen X, Alonzo F. Bacterial lipolysis of immune-activating ligands promotes evasion of innate defenses. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2019;116:3764-73.
Sobko AA, Kotova EA, Antonenko YN, Zakharov SD, Cramer WA. Lipid dependence of the channel properties of a colicin E1-lipid toroidal pore. J Biol Chem 2006;281:14408-16.
Weinrich M, Worcester DL, Bezrukov SM. Lipid nanodomains change ion channel function. Nanoscale 2017;9:13291-7.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2021 Heddy Julistiono, Intan Suseno, Nurul Handayani, Rini Handayani, Puspa Lotulung
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The publication is licensed under CC By and is open access. Copyright is with author and allowed to retain publishing rights without restrictions.
