RECENT ADVANCES IN ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF PYRIMIDINES: A REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2022.v15i2.43686Keywords:
Pyrimidine, Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, AntifungalAbstract
Over the past era, development of small heterocycles as potential therapeutics has been a zone of major interest. A large number of pyrimidine derivatives are of considerable biological and chemical interest. Pyrimidine derivatives have shown numerous biological activities such as antimicrobial, antitubercular, anticancer, anticonvulsant, antidiabetic, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory. Being a heterocyclic compound, Pyrimidine finds its use for designing synthesis of newer biologically active structures, as its aromaticity makes it relatively stable, also reactive sites which allow for functionalization. Several amino derivatives of nitrogen-containing heterocycles such as pyrimidine, pyridine possess an antimicrobial activity. In this review, recent advancements in the antimicrobial activity of pyrimidine derivatives have been reported.
Downloads
References
Hopper DW, Crombie AL, Clemens JJ, Known S. Six-membered ring systems: Pyridine and benzo derivatives. Prog Heterocycl Chem 2009;21:330-74.
Dansena H, Dhongade HJ, Chandrakar K. Pharmacological potentials of pyrimidine derivative: A review. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2015;8:171-7.
Manlove A, Groziak MP. Six-membered ring systems: Diazines and benzo derivatives. Prog Heterocycl Chem 2009;21:375-414.
Brown DJ. Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry. Vol. 14. Oxford, UK: Pergamon Press; 1984.
Soni HI, Patel NB. Pyrimidine incorporated Schiff base of isoniazid with their synthesis, characterization and in vitro biological evaluation. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2017;10:209-14.
Elderfield RC. Heterocyclic Compounds. Vol. 6. New York, USA: John Wiley & Sons; 1957.
Jat B, Santra S, Santra PK. Synthesis and evaluation of antimicrobial activity of pyrimidine derivatives. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2019;12:156-63.
Bruice PY. Organic Chemistry. 3rd ed. Singapore: Pearson Education; 2007.
Kappe CO. 100 years of the biginelli dihydropyrimidine synthesis. Tetrahedron 1993;49:6937-63.
Sharma P, Rane N, Gurram VK. Synthesis and QSAR studies of pyrimido [4, 5-d] pyrimidine-2, -dione derivatives as potential antimicrobial agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004;14:4185-90.
Amir M, Javed SA, Kumar H. Pyrimidine as anti-inflammatory agent: A review. Indian J Pharm Sci 2007;68:337.
Abd El-Aleama RH, Georgeb RF, Hassanb GS, Abdel-Rahman HM. Synthesis of 1, 2, 4-triazolo [1, 5-a] pyrimidine derivatives: Antimicrobial activity, DNA Gyrase inhibition and molecular docking. Bioorg Chem 2020;94:103411.
Panneerselvam T, Mandhadi JR. Microwave assisted synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of novel substituted thiosemicarbazide derivatives of pyrimidine. J Heterocycl Chem 2020;20:1-7.
AlNeyadi SS, Salem AA, Ghattas MA, Atatreh N, Abdou IM. Antibacterial activity and mechanism of action of the benzazole acrylonitrile-based compounds: In vitro, spectroscopic, and docking studies. Eur J Med Chem 2017;136:270-82.
Mantipally M, Gangireddy MR, Gundla R, Badavath VN, Mandha SR, et al. Rational design, molecular docking and synthesis of novel homopiperazine linked imidazo [1, 2-a] pyrimidine derivatives as potent cytotoxic and antimicrobial agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019;29:2248-53.
Farag AM, Fahim AM. Synthesis, biological evaluation and DFT calculation of novel pyrazole and pyrimidine derivatives. J Mol Str 2019;1179:304-14.
Shehab WS, Assy MG, Moustafa HY, Abdellattif MH, Rahman HM. Pyrimidines as block units in heterocycles: Novel synthesis of pyrimidines and condensed pyrimidine derivatives. J Iran Chem Soc 2019;16:2451-61.
Al-Bogami AS, Saleh TS, Moussa TA. Green synthesis, antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of novel fused pyrimidine derivatives possessing a trifluoromethyl moiety. Chem Select 2018;3:8306-11.
Dofe VS, Sarkate AP, Shaikh ZM, Jadhav CK, Nipte AS, Gill CH. Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of novel pyrazole and pyrimidine derivatives as antimicrobial agent. J Heterocyl Chem 2018;55:756-62.
Veeraswamy B, Madhu D, Dev GJ, Poornachandra Y, Kumar GS, Kumar CG, et al. Studies on synthesis of novel pyrido [2, 3-d] pyrimidine derivatives, evaluation of their antimicrobial activity and molecular docking. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018;28:1670-5.
Mohamed MM, Khalil AK, Abbass EM, El-Naggar AM. Design, synthesis of new pyrimidine derivatives as anticancer and antimicrobial agents. Synth Commun 2017;47:1441-57.
Andrews B, Komathi K, Mohan S. Synthesis and comparing the antibacterial activities of pyrimidine derivatives. J Chem Sci 2017;129:335-41.
Khalifa NM, Nossier ES, Al-Omar MA, Amr AE. Synthesis, reactions, and antimicrobial activity of some novel fused thiazolo [3, 2-a] pyrimidine-5H-indeno [1, 2-d] pyrimidine derivatives. Russ J Gen Chem 2016;86:1948-53.
Okasha RM, Albalawi FF, Afif TH, Fouda AM, Al-Dies AM, El- Agrody AM. Structural characterization and antimicrobial activities of 7H-Benzo [h] chromeno [2, 3-d] pyrimidine and 14H-Benzo [h] chromeno [3, 2-e] [1, 2, 4] triazolo [1, 5-c] pyrimidine derivatives. Molecules 2016;21:1450.
Prabhakar V, Babu KS, Ravindranath LK, Latha J. Design, synthesis, characterization and biological activity of novel thieno [2, 3-d] pyrimidine derivatives. Indian J Adv Chem Sci 2017;5:30-42.
Al-Juboori SB, Mahmood AA. Synthesis, antimicrobial evaluation, density functional theory, and docking studies of some new 2-mercapto pyrimidine Schiff bases. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2019;12:496-502.
Khatri TT, Shah VH. Effective microwave synthesis of bioactive Thieno [2, 3-d] pyrimidines. J Chil Chem Soc 2017;62:3354-58.
Triloknadh S, Rao CV, Nagaraju K, Krishna NH, Ramaiah CV, Rajendra W, et al. Design, synthesis, neuroprotective, antibacterial activities and docking studies of novel thieno [2, 3-d] pyrimidine-alkyne Mannich base and oxadiazole hybrids. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018;28:1663-9.
Gupta YK, Gupta V, Singh S. Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of pyrimidine based derivatives. J Pharm Res 2013;7:491-5.
Venkatesh T, Bodke YD, Joy NM, Vinoda BM, Shiralgi Y, Dhananjaya BL. Synthesis of some novel 5, 7-disubstituted-2-phenyl- 5H-[1, 3, 4] thiadiazolo [3, 2-a] pyrimidine derivatives and evaluation of their biological activity. Lett Org Chem 2016;13:1-11.
Madawali IM, Kalyane NV, Gaviraj EN, Shivakumar B. Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some new pyrimidines of 6-chlorobenzimidazoles. Orient J Chem 2018;34:1633-7.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2021 Pranali Jadhav; Dr.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The publication is licensed under CC By and is open access. Copyright is with author and allowed to retain publishing rights without restrictions.
