TOPOGRAPHY OF NUTRIENT FORAMINA OF ADULT DRY RADII IN SOUTH INDIAN POPULATION WITH A NOTE ON ITS SURGICAL RELEVANCE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2022.v15i10.45343Keywords:
Radii, Nutrient foramina, Foraminal index, surgical relevance of nutrient foramina.Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to study the average length of adult dry radii in south Indian population, distribution of nutrient foramina, and foraminal index.
Methods: This study was conducted using 200 dry, adult radii, obtained from the department of Anatomy at our institute. Fully formed radii of both sides and genders were included in the study. Length of each bone, distribution, and direction of nutrient foramina on diaphysis were studied with the help of a Vernier caliper. Later, foramen index was estimated for all bones using Hughes formula. The data were tabulated and analyzed statistically.
Results: Average length of radii in the study was 23.37±1.65 cm. All radii had their nutrient foramina, directed proximally. About 2% of the study sample had double nutrient foramina. Increased number of foramina had no effect on length of bone. As many as, 57.5% of radii had nutrient foramen on the anterior surface of shaft. Mean foramen index was 34.24±4.75.
Conclusion: This study provides population-specific data regarding length of adult radii and topography of nutrient foramina of adult radii. An attempt was made to acknowledge its relevance while harvesting a vascular graft.
Downloads
References
Cumming JD, Nutt ME. Bone-marrow blood flow and cardiac output in the rabbit. J Physiol 1962;162:30-4. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1962. sp006911, PMID 13882610, PMCID PMC1359636
Trueta J. Blood supply and the rate of healing of tibial fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1974;105:11-26. doi: 10.1097/00003086-197411000- 00003, PMID 4430159
Brownlow HC, Reed A, Simpson AH. The vascularity of atrophic non-unions. Injury 2002;33:145-50. doi: 10.1016/s0020-1383(01)00153-x, PMID 11890916
Bahney CS, Hu DP, Miclau T 3rd, Marcucio RS. The multifaceted role of the vasculature in endochondral fracture repair. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015;6:4. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00004, PMID 25699016, PMCID PMC4318416
Grosso A, Burger MG, Lunger A, Schaefer DJ, Banfi A, Di Maggio N. It takes two to tango: Coupling of angiogenesis and osteogenesis for bone regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2017;5:68. doi: 10.3389/ fbioe.2017.00068, PMID 29164110, PMCID PMC5675838
Patake SM, Mysorekar VR. Diaphysial nutrient foramina in human metacarpals and metatarsals. J Anat 1977;124:299-304. PMID 591428, PMCID PMC1234834
Lewis OJ. The blood supply of developing long bones with special reference to the metaphyses. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1956;38-B:928-33. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.38B4.928, PMID 13376681
Standring S, editor. Gray’s Anatomy, the Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice. 41st ed. London: Elsevier; 2015. p. 89.
Hughes H. The factors determining the direction of the canal for the nutrient artery in the long bones of mammals and birds. Acta Anat (Basel) 1952;15:261-80. doi: 10.1159/000140748, PMID 14952134
Pathria MN, Chung CB, Resnick DL. Acute and stress-related injuries of bone and cartilage: Pertinent anatomy, basic biomechanics, and imaging perspective. Radiology 2016;280:21-38. doi: 10.1148/ radiol.16142305, PMID 27322971, PMCID PMC4942997
Cormack GC, Duncan MJ, Lamberty BG. The blood supply of the bone component of the compound osteo-cutaneous radial artery forearm flap--an anatomical study. Br J Plast Surg 1986;39:173-5. doi: 10.1016/0007-1226(86)90077-9, PMID 3697559
Mysorekar VR. Diaphysial nutrient foramina in human long bones. J Anat 1967;101:813-22. PMID 6059826, PMCID PMC1270915
Solanke KS, Bhatnagar R, Pokhrel R. Number and position of nutrient foramina in humerus, radius and ulna of human dry bones of Indian origin with clinical correlation. OA Anat 2014;2:4.
Murlimanju BV, Prashanth KU, Prabhu LV, Saralaya VV, Pai MM, Rai R. Morphological and topographical anatomy of nutrient foramina in human upper limb long bones and their surgical importance. Rom J Morphol Embryol 2011;52:859-62. PMID 21892530
Kizilkanat E, Boyan N, Ozsahin ET, Soames R, Oguz O. Location, number and clinical significance of nutrient foramina in human long bones. Ann Anat 2007;189:87-95. doi: 10.1016/j.aanat.2006.07.004, PMID 17319614
Pereira GA, Lopes PT, Santos AM, Silveira FH. Nutrient foramina in the upper and lower limb long bones: Morphometric study in bones of Southern Brazilian adults. Int J Morphol 2011;29:514-20. doi: 10.4067/ S0717-95022011000200035
Menck J, Schreiber HW, Hertz T, Bürgel N. Angioarchitecture of the ulna and radius and their practical relevance. Langenbecks Arch Surg Chir 1994;379:70-5. doi: 10.1007/BF00195866, PMID 8196431
Giebel GD, Meyer C, Koebke J, Giebel G. Arterial supply of forearm bones and its importance for the operative treatment of fractures. Surg Radiol Anat 1997;19:149-53. doi: 10.1007/BF01627964, PMID 9381315
Holliday TW, Ruff CB. Relative variation in human proximal and distal limb segment lengths. Am J Phys Anthropol 2001;116:26-33. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.1098, PMID 11536114
Forriol Campos F, Gomez Pellico L, Gianonatti Alias M, Fernandez- Valencia R. A study of the nutrient foramina in human long bones. Surg Radiol Anat 1987;9:251-5. doi: 10.1007/BF02109636, PMID 3122346
Kim JH, Rosenthal EL, Ellis T, Wax MK. Radial forearm osteocutaneous free flap in maxillofacial and oromandibular reconstructions. Laryngoscope 2005;115:1697-701. doi: 10.1097/01. mlg.0000174952.98927.9f, PMID 16148720
Shnayder Y, Tsue TT, Toby EB, Werle AH, Girod DA. Safe osteocutaneous radial forearm flap harvest with prophylactic internal fixation. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr 2011;4:129-36. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1279675, PMID 22942941, PMCID PMC3193306
Kearns M, Ermogenous P, Myers S, Ghanem AM. Osteocutaneous flaps for head and neck reconstruction: A focused evaluation of donor site morbidity and patient reported outcome measures in different reconstruction options. Arch Plast Surg 2018;45:495-503. doi: 10.5999/ aps.2017.01592. PMID 30466228, PMCID PMC6258970
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2022 chandipriya dasari, Lakshmi Durga Jakka
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The publication is licensed under CC By and is open access. Copyright is with author and allowed to retain publishing rights without restrictions.
