PERSONALIZED MEDICINE: AN INNOVATION IN HEALTH-CARE SYSTEM

PIYALI KHAMKAT; VIVEK BARIK; BHAKTI BHUSAN BARIK; SNEHAMOYEE MOHAPATRA; RAJAT KAR

doi:10.22159/ajpcr.2022.v15i10.45460

Authors

PIYALI KHAMKAT Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Brainware University, 398, Ramkrishnapur Road, Barasat, Kolkata, India.
VIVEK BARIK Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Brainware University, 398, Ramkrishnapur Road, Barasat, Kolkata, India.
BHAKTI BHUSAN BARIK Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Brainware University, 398, Ramkrishnapur Road, Barasat, Kolkata, India.
SNEHAMOYEE MOHAPATRA Department of Pharmaceutics, Shiksha ‘O’ Anusandhan, J-15, KhandagiriMarg, DharamVihar, Jagamara, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
RAJAT KAR Department of Pharmaceutics, Dadhichi College of Pharmacy, Vidya-Vihar, Sundargram, Odisha, India.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2022.v15i10.45460

Keywords:

Personalized medicine, Theranostics, Autoimmune diseases, Imaging protocols, Proteomics

Abstract

Personalized medication (PM) is a wide and progressed field of medical science with more accuracy of medication to educate every individual’s clinical data. This model categorizes individuals within discrete subject groups with medical accountability, utility, or products being customized to each group based on their expected response. It is an emergent and rapidly developing method of clinical practice which utilizes advanced technologies that give a conclusion concerning to the prognosis, prevention, recognition, and treatment of diseases. The advantages is to improve the usefulness of PM over traditionally approved drugs due to less toxicity and side effect with therapeutic efficacy, which leads to patient stratification, proactive treatment regimens resulting in reduced health-care costs, and ultimately enhanced the quality of life. This review focused to an extensive understanding of personalized medicines as a major therapeutic approach to overpass the health-care problems and highlights the challenges, current strategies, and future prospective.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Baltimore D. Our genome unveiled. Nature 2001;409:814-6. doi: 10.1038/35057267.

Lander ES, Linton LM, Birren B, Nusbaum C, Zody MC, Baldwin J, et al. Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome. Nature 2001;409:860-921. doi: 10.1038/35057062

Peltonen L, McKusick VA. Dissecting human disease in the postgenomic era. Science 2001;291:1224-9. doi: 10.1126/science.291.5507.1224

Kumari PV, Rao YS. Personalized medicine-a review. Res J Pharm Technol 2019;12:3989-92. doi: 10.5958/0974-360X.2019.00687.5

Ginsburg GS, Willard HF. Genomic and personalized medicine: Foundations and applications. Transl Res 2009;154:277-87. doi: 10.1016/j.trsl.2009.09.005

Ross JS, Ginsburg GS. The integration of molecular diagnostics with therapeutics implications for drug development and pathology practice. Am J Clin Pathol 2003;119:26-36. doi: 10.1309/VMLL-66Y5-KHQ3-5KUE

Akhmetov I, Bubnov RV. Assessing value of innovative molecular diagnostic tests in the concept of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine. EPMA J 2015;6:19. doi: 10.1186/s13167-015-0041-3

Marincola FM, Sheikh JI. A road map to translational medicine in Qatar and a model for the world. J Transl Med 2012;10:1-15. doi: 10.1186/1479-5876-10-177

Guttmacher AE, Collins FS, Carmona RH. The family history: More important than ever. N Engl J Med 2004;351:2333-6. doi: 10.1056/ NEJMsb042979

Rich EC, Burke W, Heaton CJ, Haga S, Pinsky L, Short MP, et al. Reconsidering the family history in primary care. J Gen Intern Med 2004;19:273-80. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1497.2004.30401.x

Collins FS. Shattuck lecture-medical and societal consequences of the human genome project. N Eng J Med 1999;341:28-37. doi: 10.1056/ NEJM199907013410106

Abrahams E, Silver M. The case for personalized medicine. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2009;3:680-4. doi: 10.1177/193229680900300411

Maciosek MV, Coffield AB, Edwards NM, Flottemesch TJ, Goodman MJ, Solberg LI. Priorities among effective clinical preventive services results of a systematic review and analysis. Am J Prev Med 2006;31:52-61. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2006.03.012

Swapnaa B, Kumar VS. Personalized medicine-a novel approach in cancer therapy. Res J Pharm Technol 2017;10:341-5. doi: 10.5958/0974- 360X.2017.00069.5

Huizinga TW. Personalized medicine in rheumatoid arthritis: Is the glass half full or half empty? J Intern Med 2015;277:178-87. doi: 10.1111/joim.12319

Murali M, Kothandan S, Chandrasekaran M, Singh SK, Kuppusamy G, Radhakrishnan A. Fluticasone and Cyclophosphamide towards the track of personalized medicine. Res J Pharm Technol 2021;14:179-84. doi: 10.5958/0974-360X.2021.00031.7

Lee MT, Klein TE. Pharmacogenetics of warfarin: Challenges and opportunities. J Hum Genet 2013;58:334-8. doi: 10.1038/jhg.2013.40

Luzzatto L, Seneca E. G6PD deficiency: A classic example of pharmacogenetics with on-going clinical implications. Br J Haematol 2014;164:469-80. doi: 10.1111/bjh.12665

Davis PB, Yasothan U, Kirkpatrick P. Ivacaftor. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2012;11:349-50. doi: 10.1038/nrd3723

Farkona S, Diamandis EP, Blasutig IM. Cancer immunotherapy: The beginning of the end of cancer? BMC Med 2016;14:73. doi: 10.1186/ s12916-016-0623-5

Drescher CW, Shah C, Thorpe J, O’Briant K, Anderson GL, Berg CD, et al. Longitudinal screening algorithm that incorporates change over time in CA125 levels identifies ovarian cancer earlier than a single-threshold rule. J Clin Oncol 2013;31:387-92. doi: 10.1200/ JCO.2012.43.6691

Schork NJ, Goetz LH. Single-subject studies in translational nutrition research. Ann Rev Nutr 2017;37:395-422. doi: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-071816-064717

Jeon J, Du M, Schoen RE, Hoffmeister M, Newcomb PA, Berndt SI, et al. Determining risk of colorectal cancer and starting age of screening based on lifestyle, environmental, and genetic factors. Gastroenterology 2018;154:2152-64.e19. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.02.021

Williams MS. Early lessons from the implementation of genomic medicine programs. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2019;20:389- 411. doi: 10.1146/annurev-genom-083118-014924

Vayena E, Blasimme A, Cohen IG. Machine learning in medicine: Addressing ethical challenges. PLoS Med 2018;15:e1002689. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002689

Huser V, Sincan M, Cimino JJ. Developing genomic knowledge bases and databases to support clinical management: Current perspectives. Pharmacogenomics Pers Med 2014;7:275-83. doi: 10.2147/PGPM. S49904

Goetz LH, Schork NJ. Personalized medicine: Motivation, challenges and progress. Fertil Steril 2018;109:952-63. doi: 10.1016/j. fertnstert.2018.05.006

Anaya JM, Rojas-Villarraga A, García-Carrasco M. The autoimmune tautology: From polyautoimmunity and familial autoimmunity to the autoimmune genes. Autoimmune Dis 2012;2012:297193. doi: 10.1155/2012/297193

Beltrao-Braga PC, Pignatari GC, Russo FB, Fernandes IR, Muotri AR. In-a-dish: Induced pluripotent stem cells as a novel model for human diseases. Cytometry A 2013;83:11-7. doi: 10.1002/cyto.a.22231

Sayed N, Liu C, Wu JC. Translation of human-induced pluripotent stem cells: From clinical trial in a dish to precision medicine. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016;67:2161-76. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.01.083

Wu J, Belmonte JC. Stem cells: A renaissance in human biology research. Cell 2016;165:1572-85. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.05.043

Song M, Ramakrishna S. Genome editing in stem cells for disease therapeutics. Mol Biotechnol 2018;60:329-38. doi: 10.1007/s12033- 018-0072-9

Uppada V, Gokara M, Rasineni GK. Diagnosis and therapy with CRISPR advanced CRISPR based tools for point of care diagnostics and early therapies. Gene 2018;656:22-9. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.02.066

Ho BX, Pek NM, Soh BS. Disease modeling using 3D organoids derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018;19:936. doi: 10.3390/ijms19040936

Es HA, Montazeri L, Aref AR, Vosough M, Baharvand H. Personalized cancer medicine: An organoid approach. Trends Biotechnol 2018;36:358-71. doi: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.12.005

Appelboom G, Camacho E, Abraham ME, Bruce SS, Dumont EL, Zacharia BE, et al. Smart wearable body sensors for patient self-assessment and monitoring. Arch Public Health 2014;72:28. doi: 10.1186/2049-3258-72-28

Swan M. The quantified self: Fundamental disruption in big data science and biological discovery. Big Data 2013;1:85-99. doi: 10.1089/ big.2012.0002

Schork NJ, Nazor K. Integrated genomic medicine: A paradigm for rare diseases and beyond. Adv Genet 2017;97:81-113. doi: 10.1016/ bs.adgen.2017.06.001

Bai J, Shen L, Sun H, Shen B. Physiological informatics: Collection and analyses of data from wearable sensors and smartphone for healthcare. Adv Exp Med Biol 2017;1028:17-37. doi: 10.1007/978- 981-10-6041-0_2

Sverdlov O, Dam JV, Hannesdottir K, Thornton-Wells T. Digital therapeutics: An integral component of digital innovation in drug development. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2018;104:72-80. doi: 10.1002/ cpt.1036

Jamal A, King BA, Neff LJ, Whitmill J, Babb SD, Graffunder CM. Current cigarette smoking among adults-United States. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2016;67:53-9. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6544a2

Phillips KA, Douglas MP, Trosman JR, Marshall DA. What goes around comes around: Lessons learned from economic evaluations of personalized medicine applied to digital medicine. Value Health 2017;20:47-53. doi: 10.1016/j.jval.2016.08.736

Jungheim ES, Carson KR. Leveraging real-world data to move toward more personalized fertility treatment. Fertil Steril 2018;109:608-9. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.01.036

Dijk MR, Koster MP, Willemsen SP, Huijgen NA, Laven JS, Steegers-Theunissen RP. Healthy preconception nutrition and lifestyle using personalized mobile health coaching is associated with enhanced pregnancy chance. Reprod Biomed Online 2017;35:453-60. doi: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2017.06.014

DeAngelis AM, Roy-O’Reilly M, Rodriguez A. Genetic alterations affecting cholesterol metabolism and human fertility. Biol Reprod 2014;91:117. doi: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.119883

Laber EB, Zhao YQ, Regh T, Davidian M, Tsiatis A, Stanford JB, et al. Using pilot data to size a two-arm randomized trial to find a nearly optimal personalized treatment strategy. Stat Med 2016;35:1245-56. doi: 10.1002/sim.6783

Jungheim ES, Meyer MF, Broughton DE. Best practices for controlled ovarian stimulation in in vitro fertilization. Semin Reprod Med 2015;33:77-82. doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1546424

Tao T, Del Valle A. Human oocyte and ovarian tissue cryopreservation and its application. J Assist Reprod Genet 2008;25:287-96. doi: 10.1007/s10815-008-9236-z

Nagamatsu G, Hayashi K. Stem cells, in vitro gametogenesis and male fertility. Reproduction 2017;154:F79-91. doi: 10.1530/REP-17-0510