HYPOGLYCEMIC AND HYPOLIPIDEMIC EFFECTS OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF SARCOSTEMMA SECAMONE (L.) BENNET (ASCLEPLIADACEAE) IN ALLOXAN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

Authors

  • THANGAKRISHNAKUMARI S Department of Botany, Sri K.G.S. Arts College, Srivaikuntam, Tamil Nadu, India
  • NISHANTHINI A Ethnopharmacology Unit, Research Department of Botany, V. O. Chidambaram College, Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India
  • MUTHUKUMARASAMY S Department of Botany, Sri K.G.S. Arts College, Srivaikuntam, Tamil Nadu, India
  • MOHAN V.R. Ethnopharmacology Unit, Research Department of Botany, V. O. Chidambaram College, Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of ethanol extract of     Sarcostemma secamone whole plant in alloxan induced diabetic rats.

Methods: Diabetes was induced in Albino rats by administration of alloxan monohydrate (150mg/kg i.p). The ethanol extracts of Sarcostemma secamone whole plant at a dose of 150 and 300 mg/kg of body weight were administrated at a single dose per day to diabetes induced rats for a period of 14 days. The effect of ethanol extract of Sarcostemma secamone whole plant extract on blood glucose, plasma insulin, urea, creatinine, glycosylated haemoglobin, serum lipid profile [total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C), very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C), high density lipoprotein- cholesterol (HDL-C) and phospholipid (PL), serum protein, albumin, globulin, serum enzymes [serum glutamate pyruvate transaminases] (SGPT), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminases (SGOT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)] were measured in the diabetic rats.

Results:  In the acute toxicity study, ethanol extract of Sarcostemma secamone whole plant was non-toxic at 2000 mg/kg in rats. The increased body weight, decreased blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin and other biochemical parameters level was observed in diabetic rats treated with both doses of ethanol extract of Sarcostemma secamone whole plant compared to diabetic control rats. In diabetic rats, ethanol extract of Sarcostemma secamone whole plant administration, altered lipid profiles were reversed to near normal than diabetic control rats. Conclusion: Ethanol extract of Sarcostemma secamone whole plant possess significant hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activity in diabetic rats.

Keywords: Sarcostemma secamone, Hypoglycemic, Hypolipidemic, Alloxan, Glibenclamide, SGOT, SGPT and HbA1C

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Anonymous. Diabetes now a global threat gets own day. Sunday Times of India. 2006; 24:11.

King H, Aubert RE, Herman WH. Global burden of diabetes 1995-2025: prevalence, Numerical estimates and projections. Diabetes Care 1998; 21: 1414- 31.

Boyle JP, Honeycutt AA, Narayan KM, Hoerger TJ, Geiss LS, Chen H, Thompson TJ. Projection of diabetes burden through 2050: Impact of changing demography and disease prevalence in the US. Diabetes Care 2001; 24: 1936-40.

Rang HP, Dale MM, Ritter JM. The Endocrine pancreas and the control of blood glucose. In:Barbara simmons, Pharmacology, 3rd edition, U.K, Longman Group Ltd, 1991, 403-10.

Fowler MJ. Diabetes Treatment, Part 2: Oral agents for glycemic management. Clin Diabetes 2007; 25: 131-34.

Valiathan MS. Healing plants. Curr Sci 1998; 75: 1122

Bailey CJ, Day C. Traditional plant medicines as treatments for diabetes. Diabetes care 1989; 12:553-564.

World Health Organization. WHO Expert Committee on Diabetes Mellitus, Technical reports Series. World Health Organization Geneva; 1980.

Chopra RN, Nayar SL, Chopra IC. Glossary of Indian Medicinal plants. CSIR, New Delhi: India, 1956.

Chopra RN, Chopra IC, Handa KL, Kapoor LD. Indigenous Drugs of India. Academic publishers, Calcutta: India, 1958.

Anonymous, Phytochemical investigation of certain medicinal plants used in Ayurveda. Central Council for Research in Ayurveda and Siddha, New Delhi, 1990.

Nadkarni AK. Indian material medica, popular prakashan pvt ltd., Mumbai, 1982.

Kirtikar KR, Basu BD. Indian Medicinal plants, International book Distributors, Dehradun: India,1976.

Poornima N, Umarrajan KM, Babu K. Studies on Anatomical and phytochemical Analysis of Oxystelma esculentum (L.f) R. Br.Ex Schltes. J Bot Res International 2009; 2: 239-243.

Prajapati ND, Purohit SS, Sharma AK, Kumar T. A Hand book of medicinal plants. Agrobios: India, 2003.

Khan AV. Thesis submitted to Aligarh muslim university: Aligarh. 2002.

Satyavathi GV, Gupta AK, Tanabu N. Medicinal plants of India, CSIR publication, Indian council of Medical Research, Cambridge: New Delhi, 1987; 2: XI + 557.

Jain SK. Dictionary of Indian Folk Medicine and ethnobotany, PP. XII + 311, Deep publication: New Delhi, 1991.

Brinda P, Sasikala P, Purushothaman KK. Pharmacognostic studies on Merugan kizhangu. Bull Med Ethnobot Res 1981; 3:84-96.

Lala PK. Lab manuals of Pharmacognosy CSI Publishers and Distributers, Kolkata, 1993.

OECD. Organisation for Economic cooperation and Development). OECD guidelines for the testing of chemicals/Section 4: Health Effects Test No. 423; Acute oral Toxicity- Acute Toxic Class method. OECD. Paris 2002.

Nagappa AN, Thakurdesai PA, Venkat Rao N, Sing J. Antidiabetic activity of Terminalia catappa Linn. fruits. J Ethnopharmacol 2003; 88: 45-50.

Sasaki T, Masty S, Sonae A. Effect of acetic acid concentration on the colour reaction in the Otoluidine boric acid method for blood glucose estimation. Rinshbo Kagaku 1972; 1: 346-353.

Anderson L, Dinesen B, Jorgonsen PN, Poulsen F, Roder ME. Enzyme immune assay for intact human insulin in serum or plasma. Clin Chem 1993; 39: 578-582.

Varley H. Practical clinical biochemistry, Arnold Heinemann Publication Pvt. Ltd., 1976; 452.

Owen JA, Iggo JB, Scangrett FJ, Steward IP. Determination of creatinine in plasma serum, a critical examination. J Biochem 1954; 58: 426-437.

Karunanayake EH, Chandrasekharan NV. An evaluation of a colorimetric procedure for the estimation of glycosylated haemoglobin and establishment of reference values for Sri Lanka. J. Nat. Sci. Coun. Sri Lanka, 1985; 13: 235-258.

Lowry OH, Rosenbrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. Protein measurement with the Folin’s phenol reagent. J Bio Chem 1951; 193: 265-275.

Reitman S, Frankel SA. Colorimetric method for the determination of serum glutamic oxaloacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminases. Amer J Clin Path 1957; 28: 56-63.

King EJ, Armstrong AR. Determination of serum and bile phosphatase activity. Cannad Med Assoc J 1934; 31: 56-63.

Parekh AC, Jung DH. Cholesterol determination with ferric acetate, uranium acetate and sulphuric acid, ferrous sulphate reagent. Anal Chem 1970; 112: 1423-1427.

Rice EW. Triglycerides in Serum In: Standard Methods. Clinical Chemistry. 9ed Roderick MP, Academic press, New York, 1970; 215-222.

Friedwald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of low density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultra centrifuge. Clin Chem 1972; 18: 499-502.

Warnick GR, Nguyan T, Albers AA. Comparison of improved precipitation methods for quantification of high density lipoprotein cholesterol. Clin Chem 1985; 31: 217.

Takayama M, Itoh S, Nagasaki T, Tanimizu I. A new enzymatic method for determination of serum phospholipids. Clin Chem Acta 1977; 79: 93 – 98.

Jerald E, Banyan O, Edwin S, Ahmad S, Jamalludin S. Antidiabetic activity of few medicinal plants vs their combination of alloxan induced diabetic rats. J Pharma Res 2009; 2: 1760-1763.

Gayathri M, Kannabiran K. Hypoglycemic activity of Hemidesmus indicus R. Br. on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Int J Diab Dev Crties 2008; 28: 6-16.

Maruthupandian A, Mohan VR. Antidiabetic, antihyperlipidaemic and antioxidant activity of Pterocarpus marsupian Roxb. in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Int J Pharm Tech Res 2011; 3: 1681-1687.

Kala SMJ, Tresina PS, Mohan VR. Antioxidant, antihyperlipidaemic and antidiabetic activity of Eugenia floccosa Bedd leaves in alloxan induced diabetic rats. J Basic Clin Pharmacy 2012a; 3: 235-240.

Kala SMJ, Tresina PS, Mohan VR. Antioxidant, antihyperlipidaemic and antidiabetic activity of Eugenia singamattina Bedd leaves in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Int J Pharma Pharmaceu Sci 2012b; 4: 412-416.

Shakeera Banu M, Sujatha K, Sridharan G, Manikandan R. Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic potentials of Psidium guajava in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Asian J Pharmaceut Clini Res 2013; 6: 88-89.

Veeramani C, Pushpavalli G, Pugalendi KV. Antihyperglycaemic effect of Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn. leaf extract on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. J Appl Biomed 2007; 6: 19-26.

Gupta RK, Kesari AN, Murthy PS, Chandra R, Tandon V, Watal G. Hypoglycemic and antidiabetic effect of ethanolic extract of leaves of Annona squamosa L. in experimental animals. J Ethnopharmacol 2005; 99:75-81.

Velmurugan C, Sundaram T, Sampath Kumar R, Vivek B, SheshadriShekar D, Ashok Kumar BS. Antidiabetic and Hypolipidemic Activity of Bark of Ethanolic Extract of Ougeinia Oojeinensis (ROXB.) Med J Malaysia 2011; 66: 22-26.

Sugumaran M, Vetrichelvan J, Darlin Quine S. Antidiabetic potential of aqueous and alcoholic leaf extracts of Pithecellobium dulce . Asian J Research Chem 2009; 2: 83-89.

Noor A, Gunasekaran S, Soosai Manickam A, Vijayalakshmi MA. Antidiabetic activity of Aloe vera and histology of organs in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Current Sci 2008; 94: 8-25.

Jha RK, Mangilal, Bhandari A, Nema RK. Antidiabetic activity of flower head petroleum ether extracts of Sphaeranthus indicus Linn. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2010; 3: 16-19.

Maruthupandian A, Mohan VR, Sampathraj R. Antidiabetic, antihyperlipidaemic and antioxidant activity of Wattakaka volubilis (L.F) Stapf. leaf. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2010; 11: 83-90.

Alagammal M, Nishanthini A, Mohan VR. Antihyperglycemic and Antihyperlipidaemic effect of Polygala rosmarinifolia Wright & Arn on alloxan induced diabetic rats. J. App. Pharmaceut Sci 2012; 2: 143-148.

Sr.Molly Mathew, Dharsana JN, Vijayan KS, Premkumar N. Anti-diabetic activity of Anaphyllum wightii Schott in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Asian J. Pharmaceu. Clinical Res 2013; 6:68-69.

Lal SS, Sukla Y, Singh A, Andriyas EA, Lall AM. Hyperuricemia, high serum urea and hypoproteinemia are the risk factor for diabetes. Asian J Med Sci 2009; 1: 33-34.

Bunn HF, Gabbay KH, Gallop PM. The glycosylation of hemoglobin: relevance to diabetes mellitus. Science 1978; 200: 21-27.

Bunn HF. Evaluation of glycosylated hemoglobin in diabetic patients. Diabetes 1981; 30: 613-617.

Daisy P, Rajathi M. Hypoglycemic Effects of Clitoria ternatea Linn. (Fabaceae) in Alloxan-induced Diabetes in Rats. Trop J Pharm Res 2009; 8 (5): 393-398.

Kaleem M, Medha P, Ahmed QU, Asif M, Bano B. Beneficial effects of Annona squamosa extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Singapore Med J 2008; 49: 800.

Ramachandran S, Naveen KR, Rajinikanth B, Akbar M, Rajasekaran A. Antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic and in vivo antioxidant potential of aqueous extract of Anogeissus latifolia bark in type 2 diabetic rats. Asian J Pac Trop Disease 2012; 2: S596-S602

Fleir P, Marliss E, Ohman J, Catill JF. Plasma amino acid levels in diabetic keto acidosis. Diabetes 1970; 19: 727-729.

Obaeri OC. Effect of garlic oil on the levels of various enzymes in the serum and tissue of streptozotocin diabetic rats. Biosci Rep 2001; 21: 19-24.

Verma VK, Sarwa KK, Zaman KMD. 2013. Antihyperglycemic activity of Swertia chirayita and Andrographis paniculata plant extracts in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Int J Pharm Pharmaceut Sci 2013; 5:305-311.

Shajeela PS, Kalpana Devi V, Mohan VR. Potential antidiabetic, hypolipidaemic and antioxidant effects of Nymphaea pubescens extracts in alloxan induced diabetic rats. J Appl Pharmaceut Sci 2012; 2: 83-88.

Tanko Y, Okasha MA, Magaji GM, Yerima M, Yaro AH, Saleh MIA, Mohammed A. Anti-diabetic properties of Securinega virosa (Euphorbiaceae) leaf extract. Afr J Biotech 2008; 7: 22-24.

Verma L, Khatri A, Kaushik B, Patil UK, Pawar RS. Antidiabetic activity of Cassia occidentalis (Linn) in normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats. Indian J Pharmacol 2010; 42: 224-228.

Published

01-10-2013

How to Cite

THANGAKRISHNAKUMARI S, N. A, M. S, and M. V.R. “HYPOGLYCEMIC AND HYPOLIPIDEMIC EFFECTS OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF SARCOSTEMMA SECAMONE (L.) BENNET (ASCLEPLIADACEAE) IN ALLOXAN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS”. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, vol. 6, no. 4, Oct. 2013, pp. 65-70, https://mail.innovareacademics.in/journals/index.php/ajpcr/article/view/490.

Issue

Section

Articles