CONGENITAL HYPOTHYROIDISM IN NEWBORN AND ASSOCIATION WITH SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS AMONG NEONATE DELIVERED AT MILITARY HOSPITAL IN A CITY OF CENTRAL INDIA

ANISHA BEEGUM; SRUTI KRITI

doi:10.22159/ajpcr.2024v17i11.52396

Authors

ANISHA BEEGUM Department of Command Hospital Western Command, Panchkula, Haryana, India.
SRUTI KRITI Department of Command Hospital Western Command, Panchkula, Haryana, India.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2024v17i11.52396

Keywords:

Congenital hypothyroidism, Neonatal screening, Newborn, TSH levels, Sociodemographic parameters

Abstract

Objectives: The present study aims to assess the incidence of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) among neonates in a tertiary care hospital in central India, examining its association with various sociodemographic parameters.

Methods: This cross-sectional study, conducted between January and December 2022, included all live births at a tertiary care center in Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh. Cord blood thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were measured for all newborns as part of routine screening. Sociodemographic data, including maternal age, gestational age, birth order, and newborn sex, were collected. Universal sampling was employed, encompassing all consenting parents and their neonates.

Results: Among 388 live births, TSH values ranged from 0.23 to 35.59 mIU/L, with a mean TSH of 8.76±5.92 mIU/L. Of the neonates, 95.9% had normal TSH levels, while 4.1% exhibited elevated levels. Subsequent follow-up identified CH in two neonates (5.2 per thousand live births). Analysis revealed no significant association between elevated TSH levels and maternal age or newborn sex. However, a significant association was observed with gestational age. Birth order also displayed significance, with the third birth order having a higher proportion of neonates with raised TSH levels.

Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of CH screening in preventing long-term complications and the various sociodemographic factors linked to CH, such as maternal age, gestational age, and birth order.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Rastogi MV, LaFranchi SH. Congenital hypothyroidism. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases. 2010; 5:17.

Kurniawan LB. Congenital hypothyroidism: Incidence, etiology and laboratory screening. Indones J Clin Pathol Med Lab. 2020;26(3):375-80.

Van Trotsenburg P, Stoupa A, Léger J, Rohrer T, Peters C, Fugazzola L, et al. Congenital hypothyroidism: A 2020–2021 consensus guidelines update—an ENDO-European reference network initiative endorsed by the European society for pediatric endocrinology and the European society for endocrinology. Thyroid. 2021;31(3):387-419.

Feldt-Rasmussen U, Effraimidis G, Bliddal S, Klose M. Consequences of undertreatment of hypothyroidism. Endocrine. 2024;84(2):301-8.

Uthayaseelan K, Kadari M, Subhan M, Parel NS, Krishna PV, Gupta A, Uthayaseelan K. Congenital Anomalies in Infant With Congenital Hypothyroidism: A Review of Pathogenesis, Diagnostic Options, and Management Protocols. Cureus. 2022 May;14(5).

Rose SR, Wassner AJ, Wintergerst KA, Yayah-Jones NH, Hopkin RJ, Chuang J, et al. Congenital hypothyroidism: screening and management. Pediatrics. 2023;151(1):e2022060420.

Kopel J. A global perspective on newborn congenital hypothyroidism screening. InBaylor University Medical Center Proceedings. 2020;33(1):137-139.

Minamitani K. Newborn screening for congenital hypothyroidism in Japan. International Journal of Neonatal Screening. 2021;7(3):34.

Poyekar S, Pratinidhi S, Prasad SS, Sardar ZS, Kankariya B, Bhole O. Cord blood thyroid stimulating hormone level-and the influence of perinatal and other factors on it. Pediatric Oncall Journal. 2019;16(3):79-82.

Anne RP, Rahiman EA. Congenital hypothyroidism in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence, screen positivity rates, and etiology. Lancet Reg Health Southeast Asia. 2022; 5:100040.

Kostopoulou E, Miliordos K, Spiliotis B. Genetics of primary congenital hypothyroidism—a review. Hormones. 2021;20:225-36.

Stoupa A, Kariyawasam D, Muzza M, de Filippis T, Fugazzola L, Polak M, Persani L, Carré A. New genetics in congenital hypothyroidism. Endocrine. 2021;71:696-705.

Targovnik HM, Scheps KG, Rivolta CM. Defects in protein folding in congenital hypothyroidism. Molecular and cellular endocrinology. 2020;501:110638.

Hashemipour M, Samei P, Kelishadi R, Hovsepian S, Hani Tabaei Zavareh N. A systematic review on the risk factors of congenital hypothyroidism. Journal of Pediatrics Review. 2019;7(4):199-210.

Zhang J, Li Y. Risk factors for neonatal congenital hypothyroidism: a Meta analysis. Zhongguo Dang dai er ke za zhi= Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics. 2021;23(5):505-12.

Abbasi F, Janani L, Talebi M, Azizi H, Hagiri L, Rimaz S. Risk factors for transient and permanent congenital hypothyroidism: a population-based case-control study. Thyroid Research. 2021;14(1):11.

Banerjee S, Chatterjee S, Biswas L, Kar K. Assessment of congenital hypothyroidism by estimating cord blood TSH, serum TSH and fT4 in newborns. Int J Acad Med Pharm. 2023;5(4):976-80.

Patil P, Nikam P, Hosamani N, Patil S, Nikam S. Neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism at BIMS hospital, Belagavi. World J Pharamaceutical Res. 2021; 20(10):1294-302.

Jacob AS, Gopinath R, Divakaran B. Screening for congenital hypothyroidism and the association of congenital hypothyroidism with screening thyroid-stimulating hormone levels of 10–20 mIU/L among inborn neonates in a government tertiary care hospital of North Kerala. Indian Journal of Child Health. 2019:431-4.

Luo CW, Zhao DH, Liang G, Zhang J, Meng Y, Jia MD, Lu J. Association of related maternal factors with susceptibility to congenital hypothyroidism: a case-control study. Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics. 2020;22(1):37-41.

Fan P, Luo ZC, Tang N, Wang W, Liu Z, Zhang J, Ouyang F. Advanced maternal age, mode of delivery, and thyroid hormone levels in Chinese newborns. Frontiers in Endocrinology. 2020;10:913.

Vidhyadhara Naik TL, Mishra SK. Incidence of congenital hypothyroidism and associated congenital anomalies at VSS Medical College & Hospital, Burla. Age. 2020;10(90):4-1.

Heather NL, Derraik JG, Webster D, Hofman PL. The impact of demographic factors on newborn TSH levels and congenital hypothyroidism screening. Clinical Endocrinology. 2019;91(3):456-63.

Tan KM, Chu AH, Loy SL, Rajadurai VS, Ho CK, Chong YS, Karnani N, Lee YS, Yap FK, Chan SY. Association of cord blood thyroid-stimulating hormone levels with maternal, delivery and infant factors. Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore. 2020;49(12):937-47.

Jo HY, Yang EH, Kim YM, Choi SH, Park KH, Yoo HW, Park SJ, Kwak MJ. Incidence of congenital hypothyroidism by gestational age: a retrospective observational study. Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science. 2022;40(1):30-6.

Verma NR, Naik G, Patel S, Padhi P, Naik T, Nanda R. A detailed observational study of maternal and neonatal variables affecting the thyroid-stimulating hormone levels in neonates. Egyptian Pediatric Association Gazette. 2021; 69:1-9.

Lakshminarayana SG, Sadanandan NP, Mehaboob AK, Gopaliah LR. Effect of maternal and neonatal factors on cord blood thyroid stimulating hormone. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2016;20(3):317.