INSECTICIDAL AND GENOTOXIC POTENTIAL OF ACORUS CALAMUS RHIZOME EXTRACT AGAINST DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Authors

  • Arvind Kumar
  • Sunita Sharma Department of Biotechnology, Madhav Institute of Technology and Science Gwalior - 474005 (M.P), India
  • Gaurav Verma

Abstract

ABSTRACT
Objectives: Insect pest problems in agriculture have a considerable shift during first decade of 21st century due to global climate changes. Various
synthetic insecticides were used from last 50 years to overcome the pest problem, but major concerns in using these pesticides were: Public health
and pesticide resistance in pests. To abolish the catastrophic effect of synthetic insecticides, urgent need to develop new drugs for pest control. In this
study we evaluate the insecticidal and genotoxic activity of ethanolic extract of Acorus calamus rhizome against Drosophila melanogaster.
Methods: Different concentration of ethanolic extracts of A. calamus, fed to different developmental stages of D. melanogaster to determine insecticidal
activity and genotoxicity; genotoxicity was determined by the comet assay in male flies.
Results: Lethal concentration 50 (LC50) values of ethanolic extract against larvae, adult males and females of D. melanogaster were 109.54, 52.51 and
41.11 mg/L respectively. Genotoxicity of adult's flies were determined at 30 and 55 mg/L ethanolic extract of A. calamus, The mean comet tail length
was 4.24±0.653 μm and 6.13±0.721 μm and the respective DNA damage was 5.1% and 7.3% with reference to controls.
Conclusion: The present finding suggests that ethanolic extract of A. calamus rhizome showed higher insecticidal potential in adults than larvae
of D. melanogaster. Results from genotoxicity studies further support the insecticidal activity against adult stages of D. melanogaster. The study
reflects ethanolic extract of A. calamus could be used as an alternative pest control negotiator for minimizing the noxious effects of pesticides in the
environment.
Keywords: Insecticidal activity, Genotoxicity, Ethanolic extract, Botanical pesticides, Acorus calamus, Drosophila melanogaster.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

REFERENCES

Pereira JL, Antunes SC, Castro BB, Marques CR, Gonçalves AM, Gonçalves F, et al. Toxicity evaluation of three pesticides on non-target aquatic and soil organisms: Commercial formulation versus active ingredient. Ecotoxicology 2009;18:455-63.

Sosan MB, Akingbohungbe AE. Occupational insecticide exposure and perception of safety measures among cacao farmers in Southwestern Nigeria. Arch Environ Occup Health 2009;64:185-93.

Pimentel D. Environmental and economic costs of the application of pesticides primarily in the United States. In: Peshin R, Dhawan A, editors. Integrated Pest Management: Innovation-Development Process. Netherlands: Springer; 2009. p. 89-111.

Richter ED. Acute human pesticide poisonings. In: Encyclopedia of Pest Management. Boca Raton, FL, USA: Taylor & Francis; 2007. p. 3-6.

Hart K, Pimentel D. Public health and costs of pesticides. In: Pimentel D, editor. Encyclopedia of Pest Management. Vol. 1. New York: Marcel Dekker; 2002. p. 677-9.

Brausch JM, Smith PN. Pesticide resistance from historical agricultural chemical exposure in Thamnocephalus platyurus (Crustacea: Anostraca). Environ Pollut 2009;157:481-7.

Brown AR, Hosken DJ, Balloux F, Bickley LK, LePage G, Owen SF, et al. Genetic variation, inbreeding and chemical exposure-combined effects in wildlife and critical considerations for ecotoxicology. Philos Trans Royal Soc B Biol Sci 2009;364:3377-90.

Thakur JS, Prinja S, Singh D, Rajwanshi A, Prasad R, Parwana HK, et al. Adverse reproductive and child health outcomes among people living near highly toxic waste water drains in Punjab, India. J Epidemiol Community Health 2010;64:148-54.

Fields PG, Xie YS, Hou X. Repellent effect of pea (Pisum sativum) fractions against stored-product insects. J Stored Prod Res 2001;37(4):359-70.

Duke SO, Cantrell CL, Meepagala KM, Wedge DE, Tabanca N, Schrader KK. Natural toxins for use in pest management. Toxins (Basel) 2010;2(8):1943-62.

McCune LM, Johns T. Antioxidant activity in medicinal plants associated with the symptoms of diabetes mellitus used by the Indigenous Peoples of the North American boreal forest. J Ethnopharmacol 2002;82:197‑205.

Mehrotra S, Mishra KP, Maurya R, Srimal RC, Yadav VS, Pandey R, et al. Anticellular and immunosuppressive properties of ethanolic extract of Acorus calamus rhizome. Int Immunopharmacol 2003;3:53‑61.

Acuña UM, Atha DE, Ma J, Nee MH, Kennelly EJ. Antioxidant capacities of ten edible North American plants. Phytother Res 2002;16:63-5.

Lee JY, Lee JY, Yun BS, Hwang BK. Antifungal activity of beta‑asarone from rhizomes of Acorus gramineus. J Agric Food Chem 2004;52:776‑80.

Kim WJ, Hwang KH, Park DG, Kim TJ, Kim DW, Choi DK, et al. Major constituents and antimicrobial activity of Korean herb Acorus calamus. Nat Prod Res 2011;25(13):1278-81.

Wilson TG. Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae): A model insect for insecticide resistance studies. J Econ Entomol 1988;81:22-7.

Scharf ME, Nguyen SN, Song C. Evaluation of volatile low molecular weight insecticides using Drosophila melanogaster as a model. Pest Manag Sci 2006;62(7):655-63.

Singh NP, McCoy MT, Tice RR, Schneider EL. A simple technique for quantitation of low levels of DNA damage in individual cells. Exp Cell Res 1988;175(1):184-91.

Finney DJ. In: Finney DJ, editor. Probit Analysis. 3rd ed., Vol. 60. New York: Cambridge University Press; 1971.

Rajkumar S, Jebanesan A. Larvicidal and oviposition activity of Cassia obtusifolia Linn (Family: Leguminosae) leaf extract against malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi Liston (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasitol Res 2009;104(2):337-40.

Kumar S, Warikoo R, Wahab N. Larvicidal potential of ethanolic extracts of dried fruits of three species of peppercorns against different instars of an indian strain of dengue fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasitol Res 2010;107(4):901-7.

Miyazawa M, Nakamura Y, Ishikawa Y. Insecticidal sesquiterpene from Alpinia oxyphylla against Drosophila melanogaster. J Agric Food Chem 2000;48(8):3639-41.

Miyazawa M, Yoshio K, Ishikawa Y, Kameoka H. Insecticidal alkaloids against Drosophila melanogaster from Nuphar japonicum DC. J Agric Food Chem 1998;46:1059-63.

Yao Y, Cai W, Yang C, Hua H. Supercritical fluid CO2 extraction of Acorus calamus L. (Arales: Araceae) and its contact toxicity to Sitophilus zeamais motschusky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Nat Prod Res 2012;26(16):1498-503.

Ghosh S, Sharma AK, Kumar S, Tiwari SS, Rastogi S, Srivastava S, et al. In vitro and in vivo efficacy of Acorus calamus extract against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Parasitol Res 2011;108(2):361‑70.

Park C, Kim1 SI, Ahn YJ. Insecticidal activity of asarones identified in Acorus gramineus rhizome against three coleopteran stored-product insects. J Stored Prod Res 2003;39:333-42.

Huang Y, Ho SH, Lee HC, Yap YL. Insecticidal properties of eugenol, isoeugenol and methyleugenol and their effects on nutrition of Sitophilus zeamais motsch. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). J Stored Prod Res 2002;38:403-12.

Oberholster PJ, Mthethwa BL, Botha AM. Development of a rapid and sensitive battery of bioassays for risk assessment of cyanobacterial microcystin-LR in drinking water of rural water treatment plants, South Africa. Afr J Biotechnol 2009;8:4562-71.

Dua VK, Kumar A, Pandey AC, Kumar S. Insecticidal and genotoxic activity of Psoralea corylifolia Linn. (Fabaceae) against Culex quinquefasciatus say 1823. Parasit Vectors 2013;6:30.

Published

01-07-2015

How to Cite

Kumar, A., S. Sharma, and G. Verma. “INSECTICIDAL AND GENOTOXIC POTENTIAL OF ACORUS CALAMUS RHIZOME EXTRACT AGAINST DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER”. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, vol. 8, no. 4, July 2015, pp. 113-6, https://mail.innovareacademics.in/journals/index.php/ajpcr/article/view/6023.

Issue

Section

Original Article(s)

Most read articles by the same author(s)