THE ROLE OF CYTOKININ AND GIBBERELLIN IN POTATO TUBER SPROUTING
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ijags.2024v12i3.50588Keywords:
Cytokinin, Dormancy, Gibberellic acid, Growth regulators, SproutingAbstract
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a highly sensitive crop to tuber dormancy. This can be initiated by various factors, including moisture stress, high or low temperature, day length, hormonal imbalance, and heredity. Breaking of tuber dormancy is therefore important for seed potato multiplication, rapid post-harvest disease testing, and early production in the field or green house. Cytokinin (CK) and gibberellin (GA) in combination will terminate dormancy and increase sprout growth earlier than using GAs alone. And also using only CK will terminate dormancy earlier than using GAs alone, but subsequent sprout growth will be hampered. In this review, the current knowledge and possible utilization of CK and GA, which can be used for termination of dormancy and sprout growth of potato tubers, have been reviewed and discussed. The role of CK and GA to mitigate the harmful effects of endogenous and environmental stresses in potato sprouting is also examined. In addition, numerous biochemical and physiological processes principal to improved potato sprouting under the consequence of these hormones are discoursed in detail.
References
Abebe, C., & Tekalign, T. (2010). Effect of gibberellic acid on tuber dormancy breaking, subsequent growth, yield and quality of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). [M.Sc. Thesis].
Ahmad, N., Khan, M. A., & Binyamin, N. A. (2011). Identification of resistance source in potato germplasm against PVX and PVY. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 43(6), 2745-2749.
Alexopoulos, A. A., Aivalakis, G., Akoumianakisa, K. A., & Passam, H. C. (2008). Effect of gibberellic acid on the duration of dormancy of potato tubers produced by plants derived from true potato seed. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 49, 424-430.
Alexopoulos, A. A., Akoumianakis, K. A., & Passam, H. C. (2006a). Effect of plant growth regulators on the tuberization and physiological age of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers grown from true potato seed. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 86, 1217-1225.
Alexopoulos, A. A., Akoumianakis, A., Olympias, C. M., & Passam, H. C. (2007b). The effect of time and mode of application of gibberellic acid and inhibitors of gibberellins biosynthesis on the dormancy of potato tubers grown from true potato seed. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 87, 1973-1979.
Allen, E. J., O’Brien, P. J., & Firman, D. (1992). Seed tuber production and management. In: P. M. Harris (Ed.), The potato crop (pp. 247-291). London: Chapman and Hall.
Appeldoor, N. J. G., Vreugdenhil, D., & Van der Plas, L. H. W. (1999). Developmental changes in enzymes involved in the conversion of hexose phosphate and its subsequent metabolites during early tuberization of potato. Plant Cell and Environment, 221, 1085-1096.
Arteca, R. N. (1996). Plant growth substances: Principles and applications. New York: Chapman and Hall.
Barendse, G. W. M. (1975). Biosynthesis, metabolism, transport and distribution of gibberellins. In: H. N. Krishnamoorthy (Ed.), Gibberellins and plant growth (pp. 65-85). New York: John Wiley and Sons Inc.
Berga, L., Gebremedhin, W., Terrisa, J., Bereke-Tsehai, T., & Yaynu, H. (1994b). Potato improvement research. In: E. Herath and L. Dessalegn (Eds.), Proceedings of the second national horticultural workshop of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, 1992. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Institute of Agricultural Research and Food and Agriculture Organization.
Biemelt, S., Hajirezaei, M., Hentschel, E., & Sonnewald, U. (2000). Comparative analysis of abscisic acid content and starch degradation during storage of tubers harvested from different potato varieties. Potato Research, 43, 371-382.
Brian, P. W., Hemming, H. G., & Radley, M. (1955). A physiological comparison of gibberellic acid with some auxins. Physiologia Plantarum, 8, 899-912.
Bruinsema, J., & Swart, J. (1970). Estimation of the course of dormancy of potato tubers growth and storage, with the aid of gibberellic acid. Potato Research, 13, 29-40.
Burton, W. G. (1968). The effect of oxygen concentration upon sprout growth on the potato tuber. European Potato Journal, 11, 249-265.
Burton, W. G. (1989). The potato (3rd ed). London: Longman Group U.K. Ltd.
Campbell, M., Segear, E., Beers, L., Knauber, D., & Suttle, J. (2008). Dormancy in potato tuber meristems: chemically induced cessation in dormancy matches the natural process based on transcript profiles. Functional and Integrative Genomics, 8, 317-328.
Carrera, E., Bou, J., Garcia-Martinex, J., & Prat, S. (2000). Changes in GA20-oxidase gene expression strongly affect stem length, tuber-induction and tuber yield of potato plants. The Plant Journal, 22, 247- 256.
Claassens, M. M. J., & Vreugdenhil, D. (2000). Is dormancy breaking of potato tubers the reverse of tuber initiation? Potato Research, 43, 347-369.
Clegg, M. D., & Rapport, L. (1970). Regulation of bud rest in tubers of potato, Solanum tuberosum L. VI. Biochemical changes induced in excised potato buds by gibberellic acid. Physiologia Plantarum, 45, 8-13.
Coleman, W. K. (1987). Dormancy release in potato tubers: A review. American Journal of Potato Research, 64, 57-68.
Coleman, W. K., & King, R. R. (1984). Changes in endogenous abscissic acid, soluble sugars and proline levels during tuber dormancy in (Solanum tuberosum L.). American Journal of Potato Research, 61, 437-449.
Coleman, W. K., & McInerney, J. (1997). Enhanced dormancy release and emergence from potato tubers after exposure to a controlled atmosphere. American Journal of Potato Research, 74, 173-182.
Crabbe, J., & Barnola, P. (1996). A new conceptual approach to bud dormancy in woody plants. In: G. A. Lang (Ed.), Plant dormancy: Physiology, biochemistry and molecular biology (pp. 83-107). Oxon: CAB International.
CSA (Central Statistics Agency). (2017). Agricultural sample survey
Andrew, H. K. (2001). Retail handling of fresh potatoes. The State of VictoriaAppeldoor, N. J. G., Vreugdenhil, D., & Van der Plas, L. H. W. (1999). Developmental changes in enzymes involved in the conversion of hexose phosphate and its subsequent metabolites during early tuberization of potato. Plant Cell and Environment, 221, 1085-1096.
Arteca, R. N. (1996). Plant growth substances: Principles and applications. New York: Chapman and HallBanas, A., Bielinska-Czarnecka, M., & Klocek, J. (1984). Activity of endogenous cytokinins in potato tubers during dormancy and sprouting. Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences, 32, 37-41. Barendse, G. W. M. (1975). Biosynthesis, metabolism, transport and distribution of gibberellins. In: H. N. Krishnamoorthy (Ed.), Gibberellins and plant growth (pp. 65-85). New York: John Wiley and Sons Inc.
Berga, L., Gebremedhin, W., Terrisa, J., Bereke-Tsehai, T., & Yaynu, H. (1994b). Potato improvement research. In: E. Herath and L. Dessalegn (Eds.), Proceedings of the second national horticultural workshop of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, 1992. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Institute of Agricultural Research and Food and Agriculture Organization.
Biemelt, S., Hajirezaei, M., Hentschel, E., & Sonnewald, U. (2000). Comparative analysis of abscisic acid content and starch degradation during storage of tubers harvested from different potato varieties. Potato Research, 43, 371-382.
Brian, P. W., Hemming, H. G., & Radley, M. (1955). A physiological comparison of gibberellic acid with some auxins. Physiologia Plantarum, 8, 899-912.
Bruinsema, J., & Swart, J. (1970). Estimation of the course of dormancy of potato tubers growth and storage, with the aid of gibberellic acid. Potato Research, 13, 29-40.
Burton, W. G. (1968). The effect of oxygen concentration upon sprout growth on the potato tuber. European Potato Journal, 11, 249-265.
Burton, W. G. (1989). The potato (3rd ed). London: Longman Group U.K. Ltd.
Campbell, M., Segear, E., Beers, L., Knauber, D., & Suttle, J. (2008). Dormancy in potato tuber meristems: chemically induced cessation in dormancy matches the natural process based on transcript profiles. Functional and Integrative Genomics, 8, 317-328.
Carrera, E., Bou, J., Garcia-Martinex, J., & Prat, S. (2000). Changes in GA20-oxidase gene expression strongly affect stem length, tuber-induction and tuber yield of potato plants. The Plant Journal, 22, 247- 256. Claassens, M. M. J., & Vreugdenhil, D. (1984). Is dormancy breaking of potato tubers the reverse of tuber initiation? Potato Research, 43, 347-369. Claassens, M. M. J., & Vreugdenhil, D. (2000). Is dormancy breaking of potato tubers the reverse of tuber initiation? Potato Research, 43, 347-369.
Clegg, M. D., & Rapport, L. (1970). Regulation of bud rest in tubers of potato, Solanum tuberosum L. VI. Biochemical changes induced in excised potato buds by gibberellic acid. Physiologia Plantarum, 45, 8-13.
Coleman, W. K. (1987). Dormancy release in potato tubers: A review. American Journal of Potato Research, 64, 57-68.
Coleman, W. K., & King, R. R. (1984). Changes in endogenous abscissic acid, soluble sugars and proline levels during tuber dormancy in (Solanum tuberosum L.). American Journal of Potato Research, 61, 437-449.
Coleman, W. K., & McInerney, J. (1997). Enhanced dormancy release and emergence from potato tubers after exposure to a controlled atmosphere. American Journal of Potato Research, 74, 173-182.
Crabbe, J., & Barnola, P. (1996). A new conceptual approach to bud dormancy in woody plants. In: G. A. Lang (Ed.), Plant dormancy: Physiology, biochemistry and molecular biology (pp. 83-107). Oxon: CAB International.
CSA (Central Statistics Agency). (2017). Agricultural sample survey2016/17 Vol. 1, Report on area and production of major crops (Pivate peasant holdings “meher” season), Statistical Bulletin No, 584. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia.
Destefano-Beltran, L., Knauber, D., Huckle, L., & Suttle, J. C. (2006). Chemically forced dormancy termination mimics natural dormancy progression in potato tuber meristems by reducing ABA content and modifying expression of genes involved in regulating ABA synthesis and metabolism. Journal of Experimental Botany, 57, 2879-2886.
Devlin, R. M. (1975). Plant physiology (3rd ed). New York: Van Nostrand.
Douches, D. S. (2013). Breeding and genetics for the improvement of potato(Solanum tuberosum L.) for yield, quality and pest resistance. Available from: http://potatobg.msu.edu/program overview.htmlEl-Antably, H. M. M., Wareing, P. F., & Hillman, J. (1967). Some physiological responses to d,l-abscisin (Dormin). Planta, 73, 74-90.
Esashi, Y. (1992). Ethylene and seed germination. In: A. K. Mattoo, J. C. Suttle, (Eds.), The plant hormone ethylene (pp. 133-157). Boca Raton: CRC Press.
Eskin, N., & Michael, A. (1989). Quality and preservation of vegetables (pp. 2-11). Boca Raton, Florida: CRS Press, Inc.
Ewing, L. L., McMurry, S. E., & Ewing, E. E. (1987). Cutting as a method of breaking dormancy in microtubers produced in vitro. American Journal of Potato Research, 164, 329-332.
Fairbanks, D. J., & Anderson, W. R. (1999). Genetics: The continuity of life. New York: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company.
Fernie, A. R., & Willmitzer, L. (2001). Molecular and biochemical triggers of potato tuber development. Journal of Plant Physiology, 127, 1459-1465Fraizer, M. J., Olsen, N., & Kleinkopf, G. (2004). Organic and alternative methods for potato sprout control in storage. United States: University of Idaho Extension. Available from: https://info.ag.uidaho.du/pdf/cis 1120Francis, D., & Sorrell, D. A. (2001). The interface between the cell cycle and plant growth regulators: A mini review. Plant Growth Regulation, 33, 1-12. Gardner, F. P., Pearce, R. B., & Mitchell, R. L. (1985). Physiology of crop plants (Vol. 29) (pp. 20-21). Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press.
Harris, P. M. (1992). The Potato crop (p. 909). London: Chapman and Hall.
Hartmann, H. T., Kester, D. E., Davies, F. T., & Geneve, R. L. (2002). Plant propagation: Principles and practices (7th ed). New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Hemberg, T. (1970). The action of some cytokinins on the rest-period and the content of acid growth - inhibiting substances in potato. Physiologia Plantarum, 23, 850-858.
Hemberg, T. (1985). Potato rest. In: P. H. Li (Ed.), Potato physiology (pp. 353-379). London: Academic Press Inc.
Hilhorst, H. W. M., & Toorop, P. E. (1997). Review on dormancy, germinability, and germination in crop and weed seeds. Advances in Agronomy, 61, 111-155.
Hill, T. A. (1980). Endogenous plant growth substances (2nd ed). Southampton: The Camelot Press Ltd.
Holmes, J. C., Lang, R. W., & Singh, A. K. (1970). The effect of five growth regulators on apical dominance in potato seed tubers and on subsequent tuber production. Potato Research, 13, 342-352.
Jones, M. G., Horgan, R., & Hall, M. A. (1988). Endogenous gibberellins in the potato, Solanum tuberosum. Phytochemistry, 27, 7-10.
Kefeli, V. I. (1978). Natural plant growth inhibitors and phytohormones. Boston: Dr.W. Junk B.V. Publishers.
Kloosterman, B., De Koeyer, D., & Bachem, C. W. (2008). Genes driving potato tuber initiation and growth: identification based on transcriptional changes using the POCI array. Functional and Integrative Genomics, 8, 329-334.
Kloosterman, B., Vorst, O., Hall, R. D., Visser, R. G. F., & Bachem, C. W. (2005). Tuber on a chip: Differential gene expression during potato tuber development. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 3, 505-519.
Koda, Y. (1982). Effects of storage temperature and wounding on cytokinin levels in potato tubers. Plant and Cell Physiology, 23, 851-857.
Leclerc, Y., Donnelly, D. J., Coleman, W. K., & King, R. R. (1995). Microtuber dormancy in three potato cultivars. American Journal of Potato Research, 72, 215-223.
Lim, H. T., Yoon, C. S., Choi, S. P., & Dhital, S. P. (2004). Application of Gibberellic acid and paclobutrazol for efficient production of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) minitubers and their dormancy breaking under soil less culture system. Journal of the Korean Society for Horticultural Science, 45, 189-193.
Mares, D. J. (1985). Carbohydrate metabolism in developing potato tubers. In: P. H. Li (Ed.), Potato physiology (pp. 280-318). London: Academic Press Inc.
McGee, E., Jarvis, M. C., & Duncan, H. J. (1987). Wave length dependent of suppressant of potato sprout growth by light. Plant Cell andEnvironment, 10, 655-660.
Mok, D. W. S., & Mok, M. C. (2001). Cytokinin metabolism and action. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, 52, 89-118.
Morris, D. A. (1967). The influence of light, gibberellic acid and CCC on sprout growth and mobilization of tuber reserves in the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Planta, 77, 224-232.
Ooms, G., & Lenton, J. R. (1985). T-DNA genes to study plant development: Precocious tuberization and enhanced cytokinins in A. tumefaciens transformed potato. Plant Molecular Biology, 5, 205-212.
Otroshy, M., & Struik, P. C. (2008). Effect of size of normal seed tubers and growth regulator application on dormancy, sprout behavior, growth vigor and quality of normal seed tubers of different potato cultivars. Research Journal of Seed Science, 1, 41-50.
Rappaport, L. H. (1967). Wound induced Gibberellins. Nature, 214, 1149- 1150.
Reust, W., & Gugerli, P. (1984). Oxygen and carbondioxide treatment to break potato tuber dormancy for reliable detection of Potato Virus Y (PVY) by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Potato Research, 27, 435-439.
Robberts, L. W. (1988). Hormonal aspects of vascular differentiation. In: L. W. Roberts, P. B. Gahan and R. Aloni (Eds.), Vascular differentiation and plant growth regulators (pp. 22-38). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer- Verlag.
Ronning, C. M., Stegalkina, S. S., & Buell, C. R. (2003). Comparative analyses of potato expressed sequence tag libraries. Plant Physiology, 131, 419-429.
Rossouw, J. A. (1992). Effect of cytokinin and gibberellins on tuber dormancy [M.Sc.Thesis]., Pretoria, South Africa: Pretoria University.
Rossouw, J. A. (2008). Effect of cytokinin and gibberelin on potato tuber dormancy [PhD Thesis]. Pretoria, South Africa: University of Pretoria.
Rylski, I., Rappaport, L., & Pratt, H. K. (1974). Dual effects of ethylene on potato dormancy and sprout growth. Plant Physiology, 53, 658-662.
Sattelmacher, B., & Marschner, H. (1978). Cytokinin activity in stolons and tubers of Solanum tuberosum during the period of tuberization. Physiologia Plantarum, 44, 69-72.
Scholte, K. (1986). Relation between storage temperature sum and vigor of seed potatoes. In: abstract of conference papers 10th Tsriennial conference EAPR (pp. 28-29). Aalborg, Denmark: European Association for Potato.
Shih, C. Y., & Rappaport, L. (1970). Regulation of bud rest in tubers of potato, Solanum tuberosum L. VII. Effect of abscisic acid and gibberellic acids on nucleic acid synthesis in excised buds. Plant Physiology, 45, 33-36.
Smith, O. E., & Rappaport, L. (1961). Endogenous gibberellins in resting and sprouting potato tubers. The Advances in Chemistry Series, 28, 42-48.
Sonnewald, U. (2001). Control of potato tuber sprouting. Trends in Plant Science, 6, 333-335.
Struik, P. C., & Wiersema, S. G. (1999). Seed potato technology (p. 383). Wageningen, Netherlands: Wageningen Pers.
Struik, P. C., Van der Putten, P. E. L., Caldiz, D. O., & Scholte, K. (2006). Response of stored potato seed tubers from contrasting cultivars to the accumulated day-degrees. Crop Science, 46, 10-17.
Suttle, J. C. (1996). Dormancy in tuberous organs: Problems and perspectives. In: G. A. Lang (Ed.), Plant dormancy: Physiology, biochemistry and molecular biology (pp. 133-143). Oxon: CAB International.
Suttle, J. C. (1998b). Post-harvest changes in endogenous cytokinis and cytokinin efficacy in potato tubers in relation to bud endodormancy. Physiologia Plantarum, 103, 59-69.
Suttle, J. C. (2001). Dormancy-related changes in cytokinin efficacy and metabolism in potato tubers during postharvest storage. Plant Growth Regulation, 35, 199-206.
Suttle, J. C. (2004a). Physiological regulation of potato tuber dormancy. American Journal of Potato Research, 81, 253-262.
Suttle, J. C. (2004b). Involvement of endogenous gibberellins in potato tuber dormancy and early sprout growth: Acritical assessment. Journal of Plant Physiology, 161, 157-164.
Suttle, J. C. (2004c). Breaking tuber dormancy with synthetic cytokinins. American Journal of Potato Research, 82, 92. Suttle, J. C. (2005). Hormone analogs as novel sprout - control agents. CD ROM 2004 Potato Research Proceedings. Suttle, J. C. (2008). Effects of synthetic phenylurea and nitroguanidine cytokinins on dormancy break in Russet Burbank minitubers. American Journal of Potato Research, 85, 121-128.
Suttle, J. C., & Banowetz, G. M. (2000). Changes in cis-zeatin and cis-zeatin riboside levels and biological activity during potato tuber dormancy. Physiologia Plantarum, 109, 68-74.
Tekalign, T., & Hammes, P. S. (2005). Response of potato to paclobutrazoland manipulation of reproductive growth under tropical conditions (pp. 2-3) [PhD Thesis].
Thompson, H. C., & Kelly, W. C. (1972). Vegetable crops (pp. 372-385). New Delhi: Tata McGraw Hill Publication Co. Ltd.
Turnbull, C. G. N., & Hanke, D. E. (1985). The control of bud dormancy in potato tubers. Evidence for the primary role of cytokinins and a seasonal pattern of changing sensitivity to cytokinin. Planta, 165, 359-365.
Turnbull, C. G. N., & Hanke, D. E. (1985a). The control of bud dormancy in potato tubers: Measurement of the seasonal pattern of changing concentrations of zeatin-cytokinins. Planta, 165, 366-376.
Van den Berg, J. H., Ewing, E. E., Plaisted, R. L., McMurray, S., & Bonierbale, M. W. (1996). QTL analysis of potato tuber dormancy. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 93, 317-324.
Van der Schoot, C. (1996). Dormancy and symplasmic networking at the shoot apical meristem. In: G. A. Lang (Ed.), Plant dormancy: physiology, biochemistry and molecular biology (pp. 59-79). Oxon: CAB International.
van Ittersum, M. K., & Scholte, K. (1992). Shortening dormancy of seed potatoes by storage temperature regimes. Potato Research, 35, 389-401.
van Ittersum, M. K., & Scholte, K. (1993b). Shortening dormancy of seed potatoes by a haulm application of gibberellic acid and storage regimes. American Journal of Potato Research, 70, 7-19.
Van Staden, J., & Dimalla, G. G. (1977). The distribution of cytokinins in tuberizing potatoes. Annals of Botany, 41, 741-746. Viola, R., Pelloux, J., Ploeg, A. D., Gillespie, T. V., Marquis, N., Roberts, A.G., & Hancock, R. D. (2007). Symplastic connection is required for but out growth following dormancy in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers. Plant, Cell and Environment, 30, 973-983.
Visser, R. G. F., Vreugdenhil, D., Hendriks, T., & Jacobsen, E. (1994). Gene expression and carbohydrate content during stolon to tuber transition in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.). Physiologia Plantarum, 90, 285-292.
Vivanco, J. M., & Flores, H. E. (2000). Control of root formation by plant growth regulators. In: A. S. Basra (Ed.), Plant growth regulators in agriculture and horticulture: Their role and commercial uses (pp. 1-16). New York: Food Products Press, Inc.
Vreugdenhil, D. (2004). Comparing potato tuberization and sprouting: Opposite phenomena? American Journal of Potato Research, 81, 275-280.
Vreugdenhil, D. (2007). The canon of potato science. Potato Research, 50, 371-373.
Vreugdenhil, D., & Sergeeva, L. I. (1999). Gibberellins and tuberization in potato. Potato Research, 42, 471-481.
White, J. (1983). Germination physiology of true potato seed: A manuscript (p. 25). Lima, Peru: CIP.
Wiltshire, J. J. J., & Cobb, A. H. (1996). A review of the physiology of potato tuber dormancy. Annals of Applied Biology, 129, 553-569.
Xu, X., Vreugdenhil, D., & Van Lammeren, A. A. M. (1998). Cell division and cell enlargement during potato tuber formation. Journal of Experimental Botany, 49, 573-582.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2024 Bizuayehu Desta
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
