PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CHITOSAN/REGENERATED SILK FIBROIN (CS/RSF) FILMS AS A BIOMATERIAL FOR CONTACT LENSES-BASED OPHTHALMIC DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

RACHASIT JEENCHAM; MANOTE SUTHEERAWATTANANONDA; Waree Tiyaboonchai

doi:10.22159/ijap.2019v11i4.33283

Authors

RACHASIT JEENCHAM The Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Commission on Higher Education, Ministry of Education, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
MANOTE SUTHEERAWATTANANONDA Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
Waree Tiyaboonchai Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand,

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2019v11i4.33283

Keywords:

Chitosan, Regenerated silk fibroin, Films, Contact lenses, Ophthalmic drug delivery system, Cytotoxicity

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop chitosan/regenerated silk fibroin (CS/RSF) films as a biomaterial for contact lenses-based ophthalmic drug delivery system.

Methods: CS/RSF films were prepared with polyethylene glycol 400 as a plasticizer by using a film casting technique. Their physicochemical properties were investigated by measuring various properties such as thickness, morphology, chemical interaction, light transparency, mechanical properties, water content, oxygen permeability, thermal properties and enzyme degradation. In addition, cytotoxicity was also studied.

Results: At optimal preparation conditions, CS/RSF films showed smooth surfaces with highly visible light transparency of >90%, which meet the visual requirement. CS/RSF films showed high water content, 59-65% by weight, and their Young’s modulus and elongation at break was in the range of 3.8-6 N/mm² and 113-135%, respectively. The CS/RSF films also could be sterilized by autoclave method as they possessed high thermal decomposition temperature of >260 °C which can be confirmed by both differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. In addition, CS/RSF films showed no degradation in stimulated tear fluid containing lysozyme for 7 d and showed no cytotoxicity by MTT assay.

Conclusion: CS/RSF films showed excellent physicochemical properties and non-cytotoxicity indicating their promising potential use as a biomaterial for contact lenses-based ophthalmic drug delivery system.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Bourlais CL, Acar L, Zia H, Sado PA, Needham T, Leverge R. Ophthalmic drug delivery systems. Prog Ret Eye Res 1998;17:33-58.

Lang JC. Ocular drug delivery conventional ocular formuations. Adv Drug Delivery Rev 1995;16:39-43.

Ali M, Byrne ME. Challenges and solutions in topical ocular drug delivery systems. Expert Opin Drug Delivery 2008;1:145-61.

Deshpande SG, Shirolkar S. Sustained release ophthalmic formulations of pilocarpine. Pharm Pharmacol 1989;41:197-200.

Geroski DH, Edelhauser HF. Drug delivery for posterior segment eye disease. Invest Ophthalmol Vis 2000;41:961-4.

Hyun JJ, Anuj C. Ophthalmic drug delivery by contact lenses. Expert Rev Ophthalmol 2012;7:199-201.

Winfield AJ, Jessiman D, Williams A, Esakowitz L. A study of the causes of non-compliance by patients prescribed eyedrops. Br J Ophthalmol 1990;74:477-80.

Barbu E, Verestiuc L, Nevell TG, Tsibouklis J. Polymericmaterials for ophthalmic drug delivery: trends and perspectives. J Mater Chem 2006;16:3439-43.

Lin HR, Sung KC. Carbopol/pluronicphasechange solutions for ophthalmic drug delivery. J Controlled Release 2000;69:379-88.

Maulvi FA, Soni TG, Shah DO. A review on therapeutic contact lenses for ocular drug delivery. Drug Dev 2016;23:3017-26.

Xinming L, Yingde C, Lloyd AW, Mikhalovsky SV, Sandeman SR, Howel CA, et al. Polymeric hydrogels for novel contact lens-based ophthalmic drug delivery systems: a review. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2008;31:57-64.

Guzman Aranguez A, Colligris B, Pintor J. Contact lenses: promising devices for ocular drug delivery. Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2013;29:189-99.

Gulsen D, Chauhan A. Dispersion of microemulsion drops in HEMA hydrogel: a potential ophthalmic drug delivery vehicle. Int J Pharm 2005;292:95-117.

Tieppo A, Pate KM, Byrne ME. In vitro controlled release of anti-inflammatory from daily disposable therapeutic contact lenses under physiological ocular tear flow. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2012;81:170-7.

Karlgard CCS, Wong NS, Jones LW, Moresoli C. In vitro uptake and release studies of ocular pharmaceutical agents by silicon-containing and p-HEMA hydrogel contact lens materials. Int J Pharm 2003;257:141-51.

Zhu Q, Mao S. Enhanced drug loading efficiency of contact lenses via salt-induced modulation. Asian J Pharm Sci 2019;14:204-15.

McDermott ML, Chandler JW. Therapeutic uses of contact lenses. Surv Ophthalmol 1989;33:381-94.

Henry VA, DeKinder JO. Soft lens material selection. In: Bennett ES, Henry VA. ed. Clinical manual of contact lenses. 4th ed: Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins; 2014.

Lloyd AW, Faragher RGA, Denyer SP. Ocular biomaterials and implants. Biomaterials 2001;22:769-85.

Lee SE, Kim SR, Park M. Oxygen permeability of soft contact lenses in different pH, osmolality and buffering solution. Int J Ophthalmol 2015;8:1037-42.

Alava J, Garagorri N, Briz N, Mendicute J. Effects of bacterial adhesion with respect to the type of material, structure and design of intraocular lenses. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2005;16:313-7.

Tighe BJ. A decade of silicone hydrogel development: surface properties, mechanical properties, and ocular compatibility. Eye Contact Lens 2013;39:4-12.

Horst CR, Brodland B, Jones LW, Brodland GW. Measuring the modulus of silicone hydrogel contact lenses. Optom Vis Sci 2012;89:1468-76.

Ho CH, Hlady V. Fluorescence assay for measuring lipid deposits on contact lens surfaces. Biomaterials 1995;16:479-82.

Fornasiero F, Prausnitz JM, Radke CJ. Post-lens tear-film depletion due to evaporative dehydration of a soft contact lens. J Membrane Sci 2006;275:229-43.

Minoura N, Tsukada M, Nagura M. Fine structure and oxygen permeability of silk fibroin membrane treated with methanol. Polymer 1990;31:265-9.

Minoura N, Tsukada M, Nagura M. Physico-chemical properties of silk fibroin membrane as a biomaterial. Biomaterials 1990;11:430-4.

Sashina ES, Golubikhin AY, Novoselov NP, Tsobkallo ES, Zaborskii M, Goralskii Y. Study of a possibility of applying the films of the silk fibroin and its mixtures with synthetic polymers for creating the materials of contact lenses. Russ J Appl Chem 2009;82:898-904.

Liu TL, Miao JC, Sheng WH, Xie YF, Huang Q, Shan YB, et al. Cytocompatibility of regenerated silk fibroin film: a medical biomaterial applicable to wound healing. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2010;11:10-6.

Ju HW, Lee OJ, Lee JM, Moon BM, Park HJ, Park YR, et al. Wound healing effect of electrospun silk fibroin nanomatrix in burn-model. Int J Biol Macromol 2016;85:29-39.

Li M, Lu S, Wu Z, Tan K, Minoura N, Kuga S. Structure and properties of silk fibroin-poly (vinyl alcohol) gel. Int J Biol Macromol 2002;30:89-94.

Caner C, Vergano PJ, Wiles JL. Chitosan film mechanical and permeation properties as affected by acid, plasticizer, and storage. J Food Sci 1998;63:1049-53.

Luangbudnark W, Viyoch J, Laupattarakasem W, Surakunprapha P, Laupattarakasem P. Properties and biocompatibility of chitosan and silk fibroin blend films for application in skin tissue engineering. Sci World J 2012;2012:697201.

Kweon H, Ha HC, Um IC, Park YH. Physical properties of silk fibroin/chitosan blend films. J Appl Polym Sci 2001;80:928-34.

Shi XY, Tan TW. New contact lens based on chitosan/gelatin composites. J Bioact Compat Pol 2004;19:467-79.

Dalia MNA, Ahmed Abd Eb, Samia HS, Mohamed AEN. Chitosan mucoadhesive buccal films: effect of different casting solvents on their physicochemical properties. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2016;8:206-13.

Preethi GB, Prashanth K. Design and evaluation of controlled-release ocular inserts of brimonidine-tartrate and timolol maleate. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2016;9:79-82.

Aya MD, Hamdy MD, Amal SMAE-e, Maha KAK. Fabrication of bioadhesive ocusert with different polymers: Once a day dose. Int J Appl Pharm 2018;10:309-17.

Moraes MAd, Nogueira GM, Weska RF, Beppu MM. Preparation and characterization of Insoluble silk fibroin/chitosan blend films. Polymers 2010;2:719.

Sashina ES, Janowska G, Zaborski M, Vnuchkin AV. Compatibility of fibroin/chitosan and fibroin/cellulose blends studied by thermal analysis. J Therm Anal Calorim 2007;89:887-91.

Bini E, Knight DP, Kaplan DL. Mapping domain structures in silks from insects and spiders related to protein assembly. J Mol Biol 2004;335:27-40.

Mukhamedzhanova MY, Takhtaganova DB, Pak TS. Properties of concentrated solutions of fibroin and its derivatives. Chem Nat Compd 2001;37:377-80.

Verheul RJ, Amidi M, van Steenbergen MJ, van Riet E, Jiskoot W, Hennink WE. Influence of the degree of acetylation on the enzymatic degradation and in vitro biological properties of trimethylated chitosans. Biomaterials 2009;30:3129-35.

Yamada H, Nakao H, Takasu Y, Tsubouchi K. Preparation of undegraded native molecular fibroin solution from silkworm cocoons. Mater Sci Eng 2001;14:41-6.

Akiyoshi A. Dissolution of silk fibroin with calcium chloride/ethanol aqueous solution. J Sericol Sci Japan 1998;67:91-4.

Kim KM, Son JH, Kim SK, Weller C, Hanna M. Properties of chitosan films as a function of pH and solvent type. J Food Sci 2006;71:119-24.

Peng CC, Kim J, Chauhan A. Extended delivery of hydrophilic drugs from silicone-hydrogel contact lenses containing vitamin E diffusion barriers. Biomaterials 2010;31:4032-47.

Tranoudis I, Efron N. Tensile properties of soft contact lens materials. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2004;27:177-91.

Jung HJ, Abou Jaoude M, Carbia BE, Plummer C, Chauhan A. Glaucoma therapy by the extended release of timolol from nanoparticle loaded silicone-hydrogel contact lenses. J Controlled Release 2013;165:82-9.

Gavara R, Compan V. Oxygen, water, and sodium chloride transport in soft contact lenses materials. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2017;105:2218-31.

Chaiyasan W, Srinivas SP, Tiyaboonchai W. Mucoadhesive chitosan-dextran sulfate nanoparticles for sustained drug delivery to the ocular surface. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2013;29:200-7.

Nwe N, Furuike T, Tamura H. The mechanical and biological properties of chitosan scaffolds for tissue regeneration templates are significantly enhanced by chitosan from gongronella butleri. Materials 2009;2:374-98.

She Z, Zhang B, Jin C, Feng Q, Xu Y. Preparation and in vitro degradation of porous three-dimensional silk fibroin/chitosan scaffold. Polym Degrad Stabil 2008;93:1316-22.

Gorbet MB, Tanti NC, Jones L, Sheardown H. Corneal epithelial cell biocompatibility to silicone hydrogel and conventional hydrogel contact lens packaging solutions. Mol Vis 2010;16:272-82.

Takara EA, Marchese J, Ochoa NA. NaOH treatment of chitosan films: Impact on macromolecular structure and film properties. Carbohydr Polym 2015;132:25-30.

Lai CF, Li JS, Fang YT, Chien CJ, Lee CH. UV and blue-light anti-reflective structurally colored contact lenses based on a copolymer hydrogel with amorphous array nanostructures. RSC Adv 2018;8:4006-13.

Gonzalez Meijome JM, Compan Moreno V, Riande E. Determination of oxygen permeability in soft contact lenses using a polarographic method: estimation of relevant physiological parameters. Ind Eng Chem Res 2008;47:3619-29.

Vasconcelos A, Freddi G, Cavaco Paulo A. Biodegradable materials based on silk fibroin and keratin. Biomacromolecules 2008;9:1299-305.

Edwin K, Yuansheng Z, Yongchun Z. Analysis of the secondary crystalline structure of regenerated Bombyx mori fibroin. Res Rev Biosci 2013;7:76-83.

Ha SW, Tonelli AE, Hudson SM. Structural studies of Bombyx mori silk fibroin during regeneration from solutions and wet fiber spinning. Biomacromolecules 2005;6:1722-31.

Rusa CC, Bridges C, Ha SW, Tonelli AE. Conformational changes induced in Bombyx mori silk fibroin by cyclodextrin inclusion complexation. Macromolecules 2005;38:5640-6.

Kweon H, Um IC, Park YH. Structural and thermal characteristics of Antheraea pernyi silk fibroin/chitosan blend film. Polymer 2001;42:6651-6.

Wang S, Wang QH, Yang X, Wang LY, Zhu HS. Properties of silk fibroin/poly(ethylene glycol) 400 blend films. Chin J Polym Sci 2003;21:87-91.

Selby A, Maldonado Codina C, Derby B. Influence of specimen thickness on the nanoindentation of hydrogels: measuring the mechanical properties of soft contact lenses. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2014;35:144-56.

Khodaverdi E, Tekie FSM, Amoli SS, Sadeghi F. Comparison of plasticizer effect on thermo-responsive properties of eudragit RS films. AAPS PharmSciTech 2012;13:1024-30.

Domschke A, Lohmann D, Winterton L. On-eye mobility of soft oxygen permeable contact lenses. Proceedings of the ACS Spring National Meeting, San Francisco: PMSE; 1997.

Nicolson PC, Vogt J. Soft contact lens polymers: an evolution. Biomaterials 2001;2:3273-83.

Marelli B, Brenckle MA, Kaplan DL, Omenetto FG. Silk fibroin as an edible coating for perishable food preservation. Sci Rep 2016;6:25263.