IMPURITY PROFILING IMPURITY PROFILING OF THIAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE INJECTION BY RP-HPLC AND CHARACTERIZATION OF DEGRADATION PRODUCT BY LC-MS/MS/QTOF
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2020v12i6.38283Keywords:
Thiamine hydrochloride injection, RP-HPLC, Identification, Characterization, Degradation products, Validation, LC-MS-MSAbstract
Objective: To propose a comprehensive, simple, and affordable RP-HPLC method for impurity profiling and characterization of unknown degradation products of thiamine hydrochloride injectable formulation.
Methods: The chromatographic separation employs gradient mode using the octadecyl silane column using a mobile phase consisting of phosphate buffer with ion pair reagent, acetonitrile, and methanol delivered flow rate at 1.2 ml/min. The detection was carried out at 248 nm using empower software. LC-MS/MS/QTOF hyphenated technique was used for isolation and characterization of unknown degradation impurity. The performance of the method was systematically validated as per ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines.
Results: Degradation product observed in accelerated stability was characterized by LC-MS/MS/QTOF hyphenated technique and found m/z value 351.1604 and postulated as an oxidative degradation product of thiamine due to excipient interaction. The validated method was sensitive, selective, and specific data proves the method is precise and accurate from LOQ to 150% level and results are within 95-108% and less than 4.5% RSD. The developed method is linear from 0.03-58.83 µg/ml with a correlation coefficient of more than 0.990 and LOD and LOQ value ranged from 0.03 to1.51 μg/ml.
Conclusion: An efficient RP-HPLC method for impurity profiling of thiamine injectable formulation was successfully developed and unknown degradation product observed instability condition samples characterized by LC-MS/MS/QTOF technique. The validated method can be successfully employed for the impurity profiling of thiamine injectable in the quality control department.
Downloads
References
Singleton CK, Martin PR. Molecular mechanisms of thiamine utilization. Curr Mol Med 2001;1:197–207.
Abdou E, Hazell AS. Thiamine deficiency: an update of pathophysiologic mechanisms and future therapeutic considerations. Neurochem Res 2015;40:353–61.
Teigen LM, Twernbold DD, Miller WL. Prevalence of thiamine deficiency in a stable heart failure outpatient cohort on standard loop diuretic therapy. Clin Nutr 2016;35:1323–7.
Kerns JC, Arundel C, Chawla LS. Thiamin deficiency in people with obesity. Adv Nutr 2015;6:147–53.
Jain A, Mehta R, Al-Ani M, Hill JA, Winchester DE. Determining the role of thiamine deficiency in systolic heart failure: a meta-analysis and systematic review. J Card Fail 2015;21:1000–7.
Shah S, Wald E. Type B lactic acidosis secondary to thiamine deficiency in a child with malignancy. Pediatrics 2015;135:221–4.
Al-Daghri NM, Alharbi M, Wani K, Abd-Alrahman SH, Sheshah E, Alokail MS. Biochemical changes correlated with blood thiamine and its phosphate esters levels in patients with diabetes type 1 (DMT1). Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015;8:13483–8.
Page GL, Laight D, Cummings MH. Thiamine deficiency in diabetes mellitus and the impact of thiamine replacement on glucose metabolism and vascular disease. Int J Clin Pract 2011;65:684–90.
Abdel Rehman ST, Elbashir AA, El-Mukhtar M, Ibrahim MM. Application of spectrophotometric methods for the determination of thiamine (vb1) in pharmaceutical formulations using 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD–Cl). J Anal Pharm Res 2016;2:1-6.
Lopez-de-Alba PL, Lopez Martinez L, Cerda V, Amador Hernandez. Simultaneous determination and classification of riboflavin, thiamine, nicotinamide and pyridoxine in pharmaceutical formulations by UV-visible spectrophotometry and multivariate analysis. J Braz Chem Soc 2006;17:715–22.
Abdel Maaboud M, Horria M, Niveen MA, Marwa EZ. Chemometric methods for the simultaneous determination of some water-soluble vitamins. J AOAC Int 2011;94:467–81.
Chen QY, Li DH, Yang HH, Zhu QZ, Zheng H, Xu JG. Novel spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of thiamine with iron (iii) tetrasulfonatophthalocyanine as a catalyst. Analyst 1999;124:771–5.
Zhu H, Chen H, Zhou Y. Determination of thiamine in pharmaceutical preparations by sequential injection renewable surface solid-phase spectrofluorometry. Anal Sci 2003;19:289–94.
Alonso A, Almendral MJ, Porras MJ, Curto Y. Flow injection solvent extraction without phase separation. fluorimetric determination of thiamine by the thiochrome method. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006;42:171–7.
Tabrizi AB. A cloud point extraction-spectrofluorimetric method for determination of thiamine in urine. B Korean Chem Soc 2006;27:1604–8.
Amjadi M, Manzoori JL, M Orooji. Use of crude extract of kohlrabi (brassica oleracea gongylodes) as a source of peroxidase in the spectrofluorimetric determination of thiamine. B Korean Chem Soc 2007;28:246–50.
Sun J, Liu L, Ren C, Chen X, Hu Z. A feasible method for the sensitive and selective determination of vitamin B1 with CdSe quantum dots. Microchim Acta 2008;163:271–6.
Khan MA, Jin SO, Lee SH, Chung HY. Spectrofluorimetric determination of vitamin B1 using horseradish peroxidase as catalyst in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Luminescence 2009;24:73–8.
Li Y, Wang P, Cao M. An immediate luminescence enhancement method for determination of vitamin B1 using long-wavelength emitting water-soluble CdTe nanorods. Microchim Acta 2010;169:65–71.
Zeeb M, Ganjali MR, Norouzi P. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by spectrofluorimetry as a simple and accurate technique for determination of thiamine (vitamin B1). Microchim Acta 2010;168:317–24.
Mohamed AM, Mohamed HA, Abdel-Latif NM, Mohamed MR. Spectrofluorimetric determination of some water-soluble vitamins. J AOAC INT 2011;94:1758–69.
Tarigh GD, Shemirani F. Simultaneous in situ derivatization and ultrasound-assisted dispersive magnetic solid phase extraction for thiamine determination by spectrofluorimetry. Talanta 2014;123:71–7.
Zhu J, Liu S, Liu Z, Liu Y, Qiao M, Hu X. Enhanced spectrofluorimetric determination of hypochlorite based on the catalytic oxidation of thiamine to thiochrome in the presence of trace ferrocyanide. RSC Adv 2014;4:5990–4.
Tan H, Li Q, Zhou Z. A sensitive fluorescent assay for thiamine based on metal-organic frameworks with intrinsic peroxidase-like activity. Anal Chim Acta 2015;856:90–5.
Restani M, Neubert RH. Thiamine analysis in biological media by capillary zone electrophoresis with a high-sensitivity cell. J Chromatogr A 2000;871:351-6.
Herve C, Beyne P, Delacoux E. Determination of thiamine and its phosphate esters in human erythrocytes by high-performance liquid chromatography with isocratic elution. J Chromatogr B Biomed Appl 1994;653:217–20.
Baines M. Improved high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of thiamin diphosphate in erythrocytes. Clin Chim Acta 1985;153:43–8.
Lynch PL, Trimble ER, Young IS. High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of thiamine diphosphate in erythrocytes using internal standard methodology. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 1997;701:120–3.
Losa R, Sierra MI, Fernandez A, Blanco D, Buesa JM. Determination of thiamine and its phosphorylated forms in human plasma, erythrocytes and urine by HPLC and fluorescence detection: a preliminary study on cancer patients. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2005;37:1025–9.
Tang X, Cronin DA, Brunton NP. A simplified approach to the determination of thiamine and riboflavin in meats using reverse-phase HPLC. J Food Composition Anal 2006;19:831–7.
Ake M, Soko YN, Malan KA. Liquid chromatographic determination of free thiamine and its esters in whole blood. Dakar Med 2006;51:172–7.
Zafra Gomez A, Garballo A, Morales JC, Garcia Ayuso LE. Simultaneous determination of eight water-soluble vitamins in supplemented foods by liquid chromatography. J Agric Food Chem 2006;54:4531–6.
Lebiedzinska A, Marszall ML, Kuta J, Szefer P. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method with coulometric electrochemical and ultraviolet detection for the quantification of vitamins B (thiamine), B (pyridoxamine, pyridoxal and pyridoxine) and B in animal and plant foods. J Chromatogr A 2007;1173:71–80.
Wang XX, Hu Sun YZ, Bie MJ, Sun CJ. Simultaneous determination of five water-soluble vitamins in human serum by high-performance liquid chromatography. Journal of Sichuan University Medical Science Edition 2010;41:158–61.
Tan J, Li R, Jiang ZT. Determination of thiamine (vitamin B1) in pharmaceutical tablets and human urine by titania-based ligand-exchange hydrophilic interaction chromatography. Anal Methods 2011;3:1568–73.
Dinc E, Kokdil G, Onur F. A comparison of matrix resolution method, ratio spectra derivative spectrophotometry and HPLC method for the determination of thiamine HCl and pyridoxine HCl in pharmaceutical preparation. J Pharm Biomed 2000;22:915–23.
Hampel D, York ER, Allen LH. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass-spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) for the rapid, simultaneous analysis of thiamin, riboflavin, flavin adenine dinucleotide, nicotinamide and pyridoxal in human milk. J Chromatogr B 2012;903:7–13.
Santos VB, Guerreiro TB, Suarez WT, Faria RC, Fatibello Filho O. Evaluation of turbidimetric and nephelometric techniques for analytical determination of n-acetylcysteine and thiamine in pharmaceutical formulations employing a lab-made portable microcontrolled turbidimeter and nephelometer. J Braz Chem Soc 2011;22:1968–78.
Akyilmaz E, Yasa I, Dinckaya E. Whole-cell immobilized amperometric biosensor based on saccharomyces cerevisiae for selective determination of vitamin B1 (thiamine). Anal Biochem 2006;354:78–84.
Jiang X, Sun T. Indication ion square wave voltammetric determination of thiamine and ascorbic acid. Electrochemistry 2007;40:2589–96.
Norouzi P, Garakani TM, Rashedi H, Zamani HA, Ganjali MR. Ultrasensitive flow-injection electrochemical method using fast fourier transform square-wave voltammetry for detection of vitamin B1. Int J Electrochem Sci 2010;5:639–52.
Bas B, Jakubowska M, Gorski L. Application of renewable silver amalgam annular band electrode to voltammetric determination of vitamins C, B1 and B2. Talanta 2011;84:1032–7.
Tyszczuk Rotko K. New voltammetric procedure for determination of thiamine in commercially available juices and pharmaceutical formulation using a lead film electrode. Food Chem 2012;134:1239–43.
Brahman PK, Dar RA, Pitre KS. DNA functionalized electrochemical biosensor for detection of vitamin B1 using electrochemically treated multi-walled carbon nanotube paste electrode by voltammetric methods. Sensor Actuat B-Chem 2013;177:807–12.
Antal IP, Bazel YR, Kormosh ZA. Electrochemical methods for determining group B vitamins. J Anal Chem 2013;68:565–76.
David IG, Florea MA, Cracea OG. Voltammetric determination of B1 and B6 vitamins using a pencil graphite electrode. Chem Pap 2015;69:901–10.
Dwivedi BK, Arnold RG, Libbey LM. Chemistry of Thiamine degradation. Mechanisms of thiamine degradation in a model system. J Food Sci 1972;37:689-92.
Mulley EA, Stumbo CR, Hunting WM. Kinetics of thiamine degradation by heat. Effect of pH and form of the vitamin on its rate of destruction. J Food Sci 1975;40:989-92.
British Pharmacopoeia, Monograph on 9iamine, Her Majesty’s Stationary Office, London, UK; 2016.
United States Pharmacopeia 29, Monograph on Thiamine, United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, MD, USA; 2016.
Guidance for Industry, ICH. Q3B (R2): Impurities in New drug product, Conference on Harmonization, Geneva; 2006.
Srikanth G, Uttamkumar R, Murali N, Badrinadh Gupta P, Jagadeesh Kumar V, Satheesh D, et al. Identification, isolation and characterization of process-related impurities in ezetimibe. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014;88:385-90.
ICH. ICH Harmonized Tripartite Guidelines Q2 (R1): Validation of analytical procedures. ICH, Geneva; 2005.
FDA, Guidance for Industry, Analytical Procedures and Method Validation (Chemistry, Manufacturing and Controls Documentation), Centre for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), Centre for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Rockville, USA; 2000.
Britton HTS. Hydrogen Ions. 4th Ed. Chapman and Hall; 1952.
Srinivasu K, Bapuji AT, Gowri Shankar D, Vijay Bharathi D, Satyanarayana KVV. Novel analytical method using acquity QDa mass detector coupled with LC-PDA for impurity profiling of amlodipine besylate and olmesartan medoxomil in fixed-dose tablets formulation. Saudi J Med Pharm Sci 2019;5:871-84.
Blessy M, Patel RD, Prajapati PN, Agrawal YK. Development of forced degradation and stability indicating studies of drugs-a review. J Pharm Anal 2014;4:159-65.
ICH. ICH Harmonized guideline Q1A (R2): Stability testing of new drug substances and products: text and methodology. ICH, Geneva; 2005.
Azad IF, Sarmad BD, Retrwar OH. Separation and determination of some water-soluble vitamins in pharmaceutical preparation by IP RP-HPLC. Tikrit J Pharm Sci 2005;1:15-29.
Novi Y, Diah W, Wartini, Tiwi A. Validation of HPLC method for determination of thiamine hydrochloride, riboflavin, nicotinamide, and pyridoxine hydrochloride in syrup preparation. Canadian J Sci Ind Res 2011;2:269-78.
Gadhave RV, Tamnar AB, Bansode AS, Choudhari VP. Stability Indicating RP-HPLC-PDA method for determination of abiraterone acetate and characterization of its base catalyzed degradation product by LC-MS. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2016;8:76-81.
Mayuri P, Krishna D, Krishnapriya M. Isocratic LC-UV, LC-MS and MS/MS studies on fenoxazoline and its degradation products. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2015;7:50-7.
Young PM, Gorenstein MV. Tryptic mapping by reversed-phase HPLC with photodiode-array detection incorporating the spectral-contrast technique. LC GC 1994;12:832–8.
Manohar CS, Rajput AP. Development and validation of a new stability-indicating analytical method for the determination of related components of brimonidine tartrate in drug substances and drug products using UPLC. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2011;3:145-50.
Adrienne LV, Jenna M, Cordelia AR, Lynne ST, Lisa JM. Chemical stability and reaction kinetics of two thiamine salts (thiamine mononitrate and thiamine chloride hydrochloride) in solution. Food Res Int 2018;112:443-56.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
