POTENTIAL ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITIES OF FRACTIONS FROM PURIFIED EXTRACT OF LAWSONIA INERMIS LEAVES IN ALLOXAN–INDUCED DIABETIC MICE

MUS IFAYA; IDA MUSFIROH; SAHIDIN; YASMIWAR SUSILAWATI; GOFARANA WILAR; SYAWAL ABDURRAHMAN

doi:10.22159/ijap.2021.v13s4.43824

Authors

MUS IFAYA Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Departemen of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Technology, Mandala Waluya Kendari High School of Health Science, Southeast Sulawesi Indonesia
IDA MUSFIROH Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran
SAHIDIN Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Halu Oleo Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi Indonesia
YASMIWAR SUSILAWATI Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran
GOFARANA WILAR Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran
SYAWAL ABDURRAHMAN Departement of Medical Laboratory Technology, Mandala Waluya Kendari High School of Health Science, Southeast Sulawesi Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2021.v13s4.43824

Keywords:

L. inermis, Fractions, Anti-diabetic, Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

Abstract

Objective: This research was conducted to determine the potential antidiabetic activity fractions of purified extract Lawsonia inermis leaves in mice (Mus musculus) and identification of the compound.

Methods: The method included maceration, purification using ethanol and distilled water was followed by liquid-liquid extraction using ethyl acetate and magnesium sulfate as drying agents. Furthermore, the extract was analyzed using thin layer chromatography (TLC) for testing the purified extract. Fractionation using vacuum liquid chromatography, antidiabetic activity test of fractions at dose 100 mg/kgBW with alloxan induced and compound identification by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) using HPLC connected to a Q-TOF spectrometer equipped with an ESI source, with Phenomenon column C8, and methanol with 0.3% formic acid as solvent.

Results: The results showed that from the purification step of L. inermis leaves by vacuum liquid chromatography method, 7 fractions were obtained, i.e. A-G fractions. While the antidiabetic activity of fractions shown by decreasing blood sugar level in mice on the 15^th day were 64, 75, 73, 73, 57, 45 and 67%, respectively. The identified compounds from each fraction were the ester groups namely 12-hydroxy-methyl abietate, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl ester, dehydromorroniaglycone, and (E)-hexadecyl-ferulate; the steroid group namely siraitic acid E; phenylpropanoid groups namely umbelliferone and bletilol C, and the alkaloid groups namely moupinamide and valine.

Conclusion: L. inermis leaves had activity in lowering blood sugar levels. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed the presence of ester groups, steroid groups, phenylpropanoid groups and alkaloid groups. The presence of these compounds mostly contribute to antidiabetic activity.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Saeedi P, Petersohn I, Salpea P, Malanda B, Karuranga S, Unwin N. Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: Results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas. 9th ed. Diabetes Res Clin Practice. 2019;157:1-10.

Musso G, Gambino R, Bo S, Uberti B, Biroli G, Pagano G, Cassader M. Should nonalcoholic fatty liver disease be included in the definition of metabolic syndrome? A cross-sectional comparison with Adult Treatment Panel III criteria in nonobese nondiabetic subjects. Diabetes Care. 2008;31(3):562-8. doi: 10.2337/dc07-1526, PMID 18056890.

Husni E, Suharty N, Atma APT. Characterization of simplicia and leaf extract of pacar kuku (Lawsonia inermis linn) and determination of total phenolic levels and antioxidant activity test. J Pharm Clin Sci. 2018;5:12-6.

Buddhadev SG, Buddhadev SS. Ayurvedic medicinal plant Lawsonia inermis Linn: A complete review. Pharm Sci Monit. 2016;7:240-8.

Kamal M, Jawaid T. Pharmacological activities of Lawsonia inermis Linn.: a review. Int J Biol Med Res. 2010;1(2):62-8. doi: 10.7439/ijbr.v1i2.56.

Akram M, Hamid A, Khalil A, Ghaffar A, Tayyaba N, Saeed A, Ali M, Naveed A. Review on medicinal uses, pharmacological, phytochemistry and immunomodulatory activity of plants. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2014;27(3):313-9. doi: 10.1177/ 039463201402700301.

Inawati I, Syamsuddin S, Winarno H. Effect of inai leaf extract (Lawsonia inermis linn.) against decreased glucose, total cholesterol and blood triglycerides on alloxan-induced mice. J Kimia Indones. 2006;1:71-7.

Chaudhary G, Goyal S, Poonia P. Lawsonia inermis linnaeus: A phytopharmacological review. Int J Pharm Sci Drug Res. 2010;2:91-8.

Li Q, Gao WQ, Zhao YQ. Advances in studies on chemical constituents and biological activities of Lawsonia inermis. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2013;38(6):795-9. PMID 23717954.

Ojewunmi O. In vitro antioxidant, antihyperglycaemic and antihyperlipidaemic activities of ethanol extract of Lawsonia inermis Leaves. Br J Pharm Res. 2014;4(3):301-14. doi: 10.9734/BJPR/2014/6359.

Borade AS, Kale BN, Shete RV. A phytopharmacological review on Lawsonia inermis (Linn.). Int J Pharm Life Sci. 2011;2:536-41.

Surender S, Nishikant V, Ritu K, Prerna K, Rohit K, Yogendra KG. Safety and efficacy of hydroalcoholic extract from Lawsonia inermis leaves on lipid profile in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. An Int Q J Res Ayurveda. 2021;36:107-11.

Antika MA, Ilyas S, Sari MI. Effect of Lawsonia inermis Linn. Ethanol extract on the Superoxyde dismutase activity in hyperglycemic Rattus norvegicus. Indonesian J Med. 2017;02(2):79-85. doi: 10.26911/theijmed.2017.02.02.01.

Zahara F, Harahap U, Haro G. Physicochemical properties, phytochemical screening, and antihyperglycemic activity of inai (Lawsonia Inermis l.) leaves active fraction on streptozotocininduced diabetic mice. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2018;11(5):68-71. doi: 10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i5.23504.

Juliawaty LD, Ra’idah PN, Abdurrahman S, Hermawati E, Alni A, Tan MI, Ishikawa H, Syah YM. 5,6-Dihydro-α-pyrones from the leaves of Cryptocarya pulchinervia (Lauraceae). J Nat Med. 2020;74(3):584-90. doi: 10.1007/s11418-020-01397-7, PMID 32207026.

Jelodar GA, Maleki M, Motadayen MH, Sirus S. Effect of fenugreek, onion and garlic on blood glucose and histopathology of pancreas of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Indian J Med Sci. 2005;59(2):64-9. doi: 10.4103/0019-5359.13905. PMID 15738612.

Bowers LD. High-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry: state of the art for the drug analysis laboratory. Clin Chem. 1989;35(7):1282-7. doi: 10.1093/clinchem/ 35.7.1288, PMID 2667792.

Ardrey RE. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry: an introduction. University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK. John Wiley and Sons; 2003.

Supandi S, Harahap Y, Harmita H, Andalusia R. Analysis of 6-mercaptopurine and 6-methylmercaptopurine in dried blood spots using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and its application in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukimia patient. Asian J Pharm Clin. 2017;10:120-5.

Hanafi H, Irawan C, Rochaeni H, Sulistiawaty L, Roziafanto AN, Supriyono. Phytochemical screening, LC-MS studies and antidiabetic potential of methanol extracts of seed shells of archidendron bubalinum (Jack) I. C. nielson (Julang Jaling) from Lampung, Indonesia. Pharmacogn J. 2018;10:s77-82.

Mousinho NM, van Tonder JJ, Steenkamp V. In vitro anti-diabetic activity of sclerocarya birrea and Ziziphus mucronata. Nat Prod Commun. 2013;8(9):1279-84. PMID 24273866.

van de Venter M, Roux S, Bungu LC, Louw J, Crouch NR, Grace OM, Maharaj V, Pillay P, Sewnarian P, Bhagwandin N, Folb P. Antidiabetic screening and scoring of 11 plants traditionally used in South Africa. J Ethnopharmacol. 2008;119(1):81-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.05.031, PMID 18588966.

Sen P, Sahu K, Prasad P, Chandrakar S, Sahu RK, Roy A. Approach to phytochemistry and mechaniasm of action of plants having antidiabetic activity. UK J Pharm Biosci. 2016;4(1):82-120. doi: 10.20510/ukjpb/4/i1/90385.

Ramu R, Shirahatti PS, Swamy N, Zameer F, Dhananjaya BL, Nagendra PMN. Assessment of in vivo antidiabetic properties of umbelliferone and lupeol constituen of banana (Musa sp. var. Nanjangud rasa bale flower in hyperglycaemic rodent model. Plos One. 2016;11:1-17.

Liao X, Liu B, Qu H, Zhang L, Lu Y, Xu Y, Lyu Z, Zheng H. A high level of circulating valine is a biomarker for type 2 diabetes and is associated with the hypoglycemic effect of sitagliptin. Mediators Inflamm. 2019;2019:8247019. doi: 10.1155/ 2019/8247019. PMID 31827381.