OPTIMIZATION OF SELF NANO-EMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM (SNEDDS) FORMULA OF COMBINED 70% ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF BENALU BATU (BEGONIA MEDICINALIS) HERBS AND KELOR (MORINGA OLEIFERA L.) LEAVES USING SIMPLEX LATTICE DESIGN METHOD

MUHAMMAD SULAIMAN ZUBAIR; JUSRIANI; EVI SULASTRI; ARMINI SYAMSIDI; ARWANSYAH

doi:10.22159/ijap.2025v17i1.52165

Authors

MUHAMMAD SULAIMAN ZUBAIR Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Sciences, Tadulako University, Palu, Sulawesi Tengah-94118, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3065-0480
JUSRIANI Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Sciences, Tadulako University, Palu, Sulawesi Tengah-94118, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9732-3198
EVI SULASTRI Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Sciences, Tadulako University, Palu, Sulawesi Tengah-94118, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5785-4566
ARMINI SYAMSIDI Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Sciences, Tadulako University, Palu, Sulawesi Tengah-94118, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2511-8879
ARWANSYAH Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Teaching and Educational Science, Tadulako University, Palu, Sulawesi Tengah-94118, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1784-5942

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2025v17i1.52165

Keywords:

Begonia medicinalis, Moringa oleifera, SNEDDS, Simplex lattice design, HeLa cells

Abstract

Objective: This research aims to perform Self Nano-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) formulation of combined ethanolic extract of benalu batu (Begonia medicinalis) herbs and kelor (Moringa oleifera) leaves, determine the optimal concentration based on physicochemical characteristics as well as the phytochemical contents and in vitro anticancer activity.

Methods: Surfactant and co-surfactant concentrations were determined by Design Expert v.13 software with Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) method. The phytochemical contents were measured by using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, and the inhibition activity on HeLa cancer cells was tested by using the MTT method.

Results: Design Expert with the SLD method produces five design formulas. The most optimal SNEDDS formula based on the SLD method was formula 5, which contains a combination of extract of benalu batu herbs and kelor leaves with a concentration ratio of 1:1 (100 mg :100 mg), 12% Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO), 64% tween 80, and 16% propylene glycol. The optimal formula has the characteristics of an emulsification time of 39.30 ± 3.055 seconds, a transmittance percentage of 92.25% ± 0.004, a particle size of 14.43 nm ± 0.306 with a Polydispersity Index (PI) of 0.237, pH of 4.70 ± 0.031 and viscosity of 355 cps ± 2.6. It also contains total phenolic content of 5.517 ± 0.382 mg/g GAE, total flavonoids of 8.501 ± 0.695 mg/g QE, and total saponins of 17.991 ± 0.052 mg/g EE. In addition, it also possesses a high percentage of cell death of Hela cancer, which is 84.334% at a concentration of 200 µg/ml.

Conclusion: Formula 5 has the potential for anticancer activity with good characteristics as SNEDDS formula.

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