DETERMINATION OF ENERGY CONTENT, PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF POTENTIAL WILD EDIBLE LEGUME; CANAVALIA ROSEA (SW.) DC. FROM NORTHERN KERALA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2020v12i5.39775Keywords:
Legume, Calorific value, Antioxidants, CanavaliaroseaAbstract
Objective: Major objective of this study is to determine the calorific value and antioxidant activity of Canavaliarosea.
Methods: Petroleum ether extract of the seeds were tested qualitatively for twelve components. Calorific value in kJ/100g seed flour was determined based on the results of the proximate analysis. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants were analyzed by standard procedures using UV-Visible Spectrophotometer.
Results: C. roseais a perennial creeper with roughly circular compound leaves. Flowers are brightly pink-purple, in racemes. It is having large fruits up to 8-12 cm, with brown dormant seeds inside. Seeds were collected from banks of ‘Kabani’ River (Panamaram) and from various tribal hamlets in Wayanad district, Kerela. Preliminary phytochemical screening reveals the presence of eight compounds such as, tannins,saponins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, phenols, coumarins and phlobatannins. The analysis of nutritive value of seed has a higher value of crude protein (48.71 %) and crude carbohydrate (34.07). The calorific value of seed material was 1529.9kJ/100g seed flour. Enzymatic antioxidants superoxide dismutase (38.134 u/mg fw) and catalase (19.051 u/mg dw) then non-enzymatic antioxidants poly phenols (12.81 u/mg dw) and ascorbic acid (10.301 u/mg fw) were tested. All those tests show significant levels of antioxidants in the sample.
Conclusion: Hence, the present study providing details about the place of collection, ethnobotanical information, energy content and antioxidant activity of Canavaliarosea.
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References
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33. Bressani R, Brenes RS, Gracia A, Elias LG. Chemical composition, amino acid content and protein quality of Canavalia spp. seeds. J Sci Food Agric 1987;40:17-23.
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35. Arun AB, Sridhar KR, Raviraja NS, Schmidt E, Jung K. Nutritional and antinutritional components of Canavalia spp. seeds from the west coast sand dunes of India. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2003;58:1-13.
36. Sumner JB, Howell SF. Identification of the hemagglutinin of jack bean with con A. J Bacteriol 1936;32:227-37.
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38. Bell EA. Canavanine in the leguminosae. Biochem J 1960;75:618-20.
39. Rosenthal GA. The biochemical basis for the deleterious effects of L-canavanine. Phytochemistry 1991;30:1055-8.
40. Rodrigues BF, Torne SG. Estimation of canavanine in the seeds of three canavalia species. Trop Sci 1992;32:319-20.
41. Kim DO, Jeong SW, Lee CY. Antioxidant capacity of phenolic phytochemicals from various cultivars of plums. Food Chem 2003;81:321-6.
42. Jambunathan R, Singh U. Grain quality of pogeonpea. In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Pigeonpea, ICRISAT, Hydrrabad 1981;1:351-6.
43. Cheeke PR. Nutritional and physiological implications of saponins: a review. Canadian J Anim Sci 1971;51:621-3.
44. Fang YZ, Yang S, Wu G. Free radicals, antioxidants and nutrition. Nutr J 2002;18:872-9.
45. Kar A. Pharmacognosy and biotechnology. New Age International, New Delhi; 2007. p. 332-600.
46. Arinathan V, Mohan VR, De Britto AJ. Chemical composition of certain tribal pulses in South India. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2003;54:209-17.
47. Tijani KB, Alfa AA, Momoh A, Sezor AA. Phytochemical and nutraceutical potentials of beach bean (Canavaliarosea SW.) DC grown in Anyigba, Kogi state, Nigeria. Asian J Med Health 2019;17:1-9.
48. Prabhu S, Raj LJM, Britto SJ, Senthilkumar SR. Antibacterial activity and preliminary phytochemical analysis of leaf extract of Canavaliarosea (Sw.) DC. (Beach bean). Int J Res Pharm Sci 2010;4:428-34.
49. Seena S, Sridhar KR, Bhagya B. Biochemical and biological evaluation of an unconventional legume, Canavaliamaritima of coastal sand dunes of India. Trop Subtrop Agroecosyst 2005;5:1-14.
50. Nair P. Health benefits of sword bean; 2014. Available from: http://www.valuefood.info/1999/health-benefits-of-sword-bean. Last accessed on 05 May 2020]
51. Olugboyegai SK, Edem AR. Comparative phytochemicals and in vitro antioxidative effects of Jack beans (Canavaliaensiformis) and sword bean (Canavaliagladiata). Annals Food Sci Tech 2018;19:499-505.
52. Saraswathi K, Rajesh V, Saranya R, Arumugam P. GC-MS, phytochemical analysis and in vitro antioxidant activities of leaves of canavaliacathartica thouras. J Phytopharmacol 2018;7:263-9.
2. Kouris Blazos A, Belski R. Review article: health benefits of legumes and pulses with a focus on Australian sweet lupins. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2016;25:1-17.
3. D’ Cunha M, Sridhar KR. Micropropagation of the wild legume Canavaliarosea (Sw.) DC from coastal sand dunes. Biol Lett 2011;48:85-96.
4. Arun AB, Raviraja N, Sridhar KR. Effect of temperature, salinity and burial on seed germination and seedling emergence of five costal sand dune legumes. Int J Ecol Environ Sci 2001;27:23-9.
5. Smartt J. Grain legumes. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge UK; 1990. p. 301-9.
6. Mendoza Gonzalez G, Luisa MM, Lithgow D. Biological flora of costal dunes and wetlands: Canavaliarosea (Sw) DC. J Costal Res 2014;30:697-713.
7. Chen WM, Lee TM, Lam CC, Cheng CP. Characterization of halotolerant rhizobia isolated from root nodules of Canavaliarosea from seaside areas. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2000;34:9-16.
8. Seena S, Sridhar KR. Nutritional and microbiological features of little known legumes, Canavaliacathartica thouars and Canavalia maritime thouars of the southwest coast of India. Curr Sci 2006;90:1638-50.
9. D’Arcy WC. Canavalia. In: Woodson R, Schery RW. (eds.) Flora de Panama.(Leguminosae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 1980;67:562-71.
10. Tijani KB, Alfa AA, Momoh A, Sezor AA. Phytochemical and nutraceutical potentials of beach bean (Canavaliarosea) Sw. DC. growth anyigba, kogi state, Nigeria. Asian J Med Health 2019;17:1-9.
11. Bhagya B, Srighar KR. Ethnobiology of coastal sand dune legumes of the southwest coast of India. Indian J Trad Knowl 2009;8:611-20.
12. Thangadurai D, Viswanathan MB, Ramesh N. The chemical composition and nutritional evaluation of Canavaliavirosa: a perennial wild bean from Eastern Ghats of Peninsular India. Eur Food Res Technol 2001;213:456-9.
13. Arun AB, Beena KR, Raviraja NS, Sridhar KR. Costal sand dunes-a neglected ecosystem. Curr Sci 1999;77:19-21.
14. Seena S, Sridhar KR. Nutrient composition and biological evaluation of an unconventional legume, Canavaliacathartica of mangroves. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2004;55:615-25.
15. Harborne J. Phytochemical methods. Chapman and Hill, Ltd London; 1973. p. 49-188.
16. Humphries FC. Mineral composition and ash analysis. In: Paech K, Tracey MV. (eds) Modern methods of plant analysis. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York; 1956. p. 468-502.
17. AOAC. Official methods of analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington; 1970.
18. Muller HG, Tobin G. Nutrition and food processing. Croom Helm, London; 1980.
19. Osborne DR, Voogt P. The analysis of nutrients in foods, Academic Press: New York; 1978. p. 239-40.
20. Yin D, Chen S, Chen F. Morphological and physiological responses of two Chrysanthemum cultivars differing in their tolerance to waterlogging. Environ Exp Bot 2009;67:87-93.
21. Aebi H. Catalase in vitro. Methods Enzymol 1984;105:12-6.
22. Giannopolitis CN, Reis SK, Superoxide Dismutase I. Occurrence in higher plants. Plant Physiol 1997;59:309-14.
23. Mukherjee SP, Choudhari MA. Implications of water stress-induced changes in the levels of endogenous ascorbic acid and hydrogen peroxide in Vigna seedlings. Physiol Plant 1983;58:166-70.
24. Folin O, Denis W. The diagnostic value of uric acid determinations in blood. Arch Intern Med 1915;16:33-7.
25. Sridhar KR, Seena S. Nutritional and antinutritional significance of four unconventional legumes of the genus canavalia-acmparative study. Food Chem 2006;99:267-88.
26. Agbede JO, Aletor VA. Studies of the chemical composition and protein quality evaluation of differently processed Canavaliaensiformis and Mucunapruriens seed flours. J Food Compost Anal 2005;18:89-103.
27. Belmar R, Nava Montero R, Sandoval Castero C, Mc Nab JM. Jack bean (Canavaliaensiformis L. DC) in poultry diets: antinutritional factors and detoxification studies-a review. World Pollution Sci J 1999;55:37-59.
28. Bressani R, Sosa JL. Effect of processing on the nutritive value of canavalia Jack beans (Canavaliaensiformis L. DC). Plant Foods Hum Nutr 1990;40:207-14.
29. D Mello JPF, Walker AG. Detoxification of Jack beans (Canavaliaensiformis): studies with young chick. Animal Feed Sci Tech 1991;33:117-27.
30. Babar VS, Chavan JK, Kadam SS. Effects of heat treatments and germination on trypsin inhibitor activity and polyphenols in Jack beans (Canavaliaensiformis L. DC). Plant Foods Hum Nutr 1988;38:319-24.
31. D Mello JPF, Walker AG, Noble E. Effects of dietary supplements on the nutritive value of Jack beans (Canavaliaensiformis) for the young chick. British Pollutions Sci 1990;31:759-68.
32. Siddhuraju P, Becker K. Species/variety differences in biochemical composition and nutritional value of Indian tribal legume of the genus canavalia. Nahrung 2001;45:224-33.
33. Bressani R, Brenes RS, Gracia A, Elias LG. Chemical composition, amino acid content and protein quality of Canavalia spp. seeds. J Sci Food Agric 1987;40:17-23.
34. Mohan VR, Janardhanan K. The biochemical composition and nutrient assessment of less known pulses of the genus canavalia. Int J Food Sci Nutr 1994;45:255-62.
35. Arun AB, Sridhar KR, Raviraja NS, Schmidt E, Jung K. Nutritional and antinutritional components of Canavalia spp. seeds from the west coast sand dunes of India. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2003;58:1-13.
36. Sumner JB, Howell SF. Identification of the hemagglutinin of jack bean with con A. J Bacteriol 1936;32:227-37.
37. Surolia A, Prakash N, Bishayee S, Bachhawat BK. Isolation and comparative physicochemical studies of cincanavalin a from Canavaliaensiformis and Canavaliagladiata. Indian J Biochem Biophy 1973;10:145-8.
38. Bell EA. Canavanine in the leguminosae. Biochem J 1960;75:618-20.
39. Rosenthal GA. The biochemical basis for the deleterious effects of L-canavanine. Phytochemistry 1991;30:1055-8.
40. Rodrigues BF, Torne SG. Estimation of canavanine in the seeds of three canavalia species. Trop Sci 1992;32:319-20.
41. Kim DO, Jeong SW, Lee CY. Antioxidant capacity of phenolic phytochemicals from various cultivars of plums. Food Chem 2003;81:321-6.
42. Jambunathan R, Singh U. Grain quality of pogeonpea. In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Pigeonpea, ICRISAT, Hydrrabad 1981;1:351-6.
43. Cheeke PR. Nutritional and physiological implications of saponins: a review. Canadian J Anim Sci 1971;51:621-3.
44. Fang YZ, Yang S, Wu G. Free radicals, antioxidants and nutrition. Nutr J 2002;18:872-9.
45. Kar A. Pharmacognosy and biotechnology. New Age International, New Delhi; 2007. p. 332-600.
46. Arinathan V, Mohan VR, De Britto AJ. Chemical composition of certain tribal pulses in South India. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2003;54:209-17.
47. Tijani KB, Alfa AA, Momoh A, Sezor AA. Phytochemical and nutraceutical potentials of beach bean (Canavaliarosea SW.) DC grown in Anyigba, Kogi state, Nigeria. Asian J Med Health 2019;17:1-9.
48. Prabhu S, Raj LJM, Britto SJ, Senthilkumar SR. Antibacterial activity and preliminary phytochemical analysis of leaf extract of Canavaliarosea (Sw.) DC. (Beach bean). Int J Res Pharm Sci 2010;4:428-34.
49. Seena S, Sridhar KR, Bhagya B. Biochemical and biological evaluation of an unconventional legume, Canavaliamaritima of coastal sand dunes of India. Trop Subtrop Agroecosyst 2005;5:1-14.
50. Nair P. Health benefits of sword bean; 2014. Available from: http://www.valuefood.info/1999/health-benefits-of-sword-bean. Last accessed on 05 May 2020]
51. Olugboyegai SK, Edem AR. Comparative phytochemicals and in vitro antioxidative effects of Jack beans (Canavaliaensiformis) and sword bean (Canavaliagladiata). Annals Food Sci Tech 2018;19:499-505.
52. Saraswathi K, Rajesh V, Saranya R, Arumugam P. GC-MS, phytochemical analysis and in vitro antioxidant activities of leaves of canavaliacathartica thouras. J Phytopharmacol 2018;7:263-9.
Published
15-09-2020
How to Cite
V., A., and A. A. K. “DETERMINATION OF ENERGY CONTENT, PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF POTENTIAL WILD EDIBLE LEGUME; CANAVALIA ROSEA (SW.) DC. FROM NORTHERN KERALA”. International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research, vol. 12, no. 5, Sept. 2020, pp. 86-89, doi:10.22159/ijcpr.2020v12i5.39775.
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