HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE AND DEPRESSION AMONG PATIENTS OF LIVER CIRRHOSIS IN PAKISTAN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2021v13i2.41546Keywords:
Liver cirrhosis, Health-related quality of life, Depression, Liver disease stages, SF 36, HADS, PakistanAbstract
Objective: The present study was designed to assess HRQoL and depression among patients of liver cirrhosis in Pakistan.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used to assess health-related quality of life and depression among liver cirrhosis patients in Pakistan. Two pre-validated questionnaires i.e. SF 36 and HADS were self-administered to a sample of 382 cirrhotic patient’s selected using convenience sampling technique for measuring HRQoL and depression, respectively. After data collection, data was cleaned, coded and analyzed using in SPSS version 21.
Results: The results highlighted that lowest scores for HRQoL were observed in the domain of role physical (40.02,±24.01) followed by role emotional (41.93,±26.99) whereas the highest scores were observed in the domain of physical functioning (51.87,±15.22).
Conclusion: The results of the present study concluded that liver cirrhosis patients in Pakistan had poor HRQoL across all domains along with mild to moderate depression. While all domains were affected, the greatest impact was on role limitation due to physical as well as emotional problems. The most affected group among patients were females and patients having age greater than 60 y. Besides this severity and advanced stage of cirrhosis had a negative effect on all domains of HRQoL. Presence of complications further reduced HRQoL and increased depressive symptoms among liver cirrhosis patients.
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References
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2. Setiawan VW, Stram DO, Porcel J, Lu SC, Le Marchand L, Noureddin M. Prevalence of chronic liver disease and cirrhosis by underlying cause in understudied ethnic groups: the multiethnic cohort. Hepatology 2016;64:1969-77.
3. Wiegand J, Berg T. The etiology, diagnosis and prevention of liver cirrhosis: part 1 of a series on liver cirrhosis. Deutsches Arzteblatt International 2013;110:85.
4. Younossi ZM, Boparai N, Price LL, Kiwi ML, McCormick M, Guyatt G. Health-related quality of life in chronic liver disease: the impact of type and severity of the disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2001;96:2199-205.
5. Janani K, Jain M, Vargese J, Srinivasan V, Harika K, Michael T, et al. Health-related quality of life in liver cirrhosis patients using SF-36 and CLDQ questionnaires. Clin Exp Hepatol 2018;4:232.
6. Inglis SC, Clark RA, McAlister FA, Stewart S, Cleland JG. Which components of heart failure programmes are effective? A systematic review and meta?analysis of the outcomes of structured telephone support or telemonitoring as the primary component of chronic heart failure management in 8323 patients: abridged Cochrane review. Eur J Heart Failure 2011;13:1028-40.
7. Butt AA, Yan P, Bonilla H, Abou Samra AB, Shaikh OS, Simon TG, et al. Effect of addition of statins to antiviral therapy in hepatitis C virus–infected persons: results from ERCHIVES. Hepatology 2015;62:365-74.
8. Parkash O, Iqbal R, Jafri F, Azam I, Jafri W. Frequency of poor quality of life and predictors of health related quality of life in cirrhosis at a tertiary care hospital Pakistan. BMC Res Notes 2012;5:446.
9. Atiq M, Gill M, Khokhar N. Quality of life assessment in Pakistani patients with chronic liver disease. Emotion 2004;5:0.05.
10. Ul Haq N, Hassali MA, Shafie AA, Saleem F, Aljadhey H. A cross sectional assessment of health related quality of life among patients with Hepatitis-B in Pakistan. Health Quality Life Outcomes 2012;10:91.
11. Pulgar A, Alcala A, Reyes del Paso GA. Psychosocial predictors of quality of life in hematological cancer. Behavioral Med 2015;41:1-8.
12. Oberoi D, White V, Seymour J, Prince HM, Harrison S, Jefford M, et al. The course of anxiety, depression and unmet needs in survivors of diffuse large B cell lymphoma and multiple myeloma in the early survivorship period. J Cancer Survivorship 2017;11:329-38.
13. Souza Mello V. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors as targets to treat non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Hepatol 2015;7:1012.
14. Zafar SY, McNeil RB, Thomas CM, Lathan CS, Ayanian JZ, Provenzale D. Population-based assessment of cancer survivors' financial burden and quality of life: a prospective cohort study. J Oncol Practice 2015;11:145-50.
15. Loeb S, Bruinsma SM, Nicholson J, Briganti A, Pickles T, Kakehi Y, et al. Active surveillance for prostate cancer: a systematic review of clinicopathologic variables and biomarkers for risk stratification. European Urol 2015;67:619-26.
16. Raszeja Wyszomirska J, Wunsch E, Krawczyk M, Rigopoulou EI, Kostrzewa K, Norman GL, et al. Assessment of health-related quality of life in polish patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2016;40:471-9.
17. Schramm C, Wahl I, Weiler Normann C, Voigt K, Wiegard C, Glaubke C, et al. Health-related quality of life, depression, and anxiety in patients with autoimmune hepatitis. J Hepatol 2014;60:618-24.
18. Tana MM, Alao H, Morris N, Bernstein S, Hattenbach J, Rehman RB, et al. Fatigued patients with chronic liver disease have subtle aberrations of sleep, melatonin and cortisol circadian rhythms. Fatigue: Biomed Health Behavior 2018;6:5-19.
19. Chugh Y, Dhiman RK, Premkumar M, Prinja S, Singh Grover G, Bahuguna P. Real-world cost-effectiveness of pan-genotypic sofosbuvir-velpatasvir combination versus genotype-dependent directly acting anti-viral drugs for treatment of hepatitis C patients in the universal coverage scheme of punjab state in India. PloS One 2019;14:e0221769.
20. Dogar I, Siddiqui N, Bajwa A, Bhatti A, Haider N, Hashmi ZY. Relationship between liver diseases and levels of anxiety and depression. J Pak Psych Soc 2009;6:61-4.
21. Weinstein AA, Price JK, Stepanova M, Poms LW, Fang Y, Moon J, et al. Depression in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and chronic viral hepatitis B and C. Psychosomatics 2011;52:127-32.
22. Cron D, Friedman J, Winder G, Thelen A, Derck J, Fakhoury J, et al. Depression and frailty in patients with end?stage liver disease referred for transplant evaluation. Am J Transplant 2016;16:1805-11.
23. Perng CL, Shen CC, Hu LY, Yeh CM, Chen MH, Tsai CF, et al. Risk of depressive disorder following non-alcoholic cirrhosis: a nationwide population-based study. PloS One 2014;9:e88721.
24. Popovic DD, Culafic DM, Kisic Tepavcevic DB, Kovacevic NV, Spuran MM, ?uranovic SP, et al. Assessment of depression and anxiety in patients with chronic liver disease. Vojnosanitetski Pregled 2015;72:414-20.
25. Silva MJ, Rosa MV, Nogueira PJ, Calinas F. Ten years of hospital admissions for liver cirrhosis in portugal. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015;27:1320-6.
26. Zhu HP, Gu YR, Zhang GL, Su YJ, Wang K, Zheng YB, et al. Depression in patients with chronic hepatitis B and cirrhosis is closely associated with the severity of liver cirrhosis. Exp Ther Med 2016;12:405-9.
Published
15-03-2021
How to Cite
MALIK, M., H. MUSHTAQ, and A. HUSSAIN. “HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE AND DEPRESSION AMONG PATIENTS OF LIVER CIRRHOSIS IN PAKISTAN”. International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research, vol. 13, no. 2, Mar. 2021, pp. 19-25, doi:10.22159/ijcpr.2021v13i2.41546.
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