EFFECT OF SUBMERGED FERMENTATION ON THE ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OBTAINED FROM VOACANGA AFRICANA STAPF SEED

OYETAYO VO; ITIOLA OR

doi:10.22159/ijls.2023.v11i1.48556

Authors

OYETAYO VO Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.
ITIOLA OR Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22159/ijls.2023.v11i1.48556

Keywords:

Voacanga africana, Fermentation, Aqueous, Extract, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial

Abstract

Voacanga africana Stapf which belongs to the family, Apocynaceae is among useful medicinal plants of West Africa. The present study investigates the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of aqueous extracts obtained from raw and fermented V. africana. One portion of V. africana was subjected to submerged fermentation for 7 days. Aqueous extracts of the raw and fermented samples of V. africana were obtained using standard methods. Antibacterial effect of the aqueous exracts was assessed by agar well diffusion while a battery of antioxidant test which include DPPH scavenging, ABTS, and Fe2+ chelation was employed. The bioactive compounds present in the extract were assessed using gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometer. Extract obtained from the fermented seed of V. africana had good antimicrobial effect with zones of inhibition ranging from 4.67 to 22.00 mm. Aqueous extract obtained from fermented V. africana exhibited better antioxidant capacity with DPPH scavenging effect being the highest (27.93) when compared with extract obtained from raw V. africana. Bioactive compounds such as Eicosane, 1,14-Dibromotetradecane, 7-Oxodehydroabietic acid, oleic acid and so on were present in the aqueous extract obtained from fermented V. africana. Data gathered from this study revealed that fermentation enhances the antimicrobial and anoxidant properties of V. africana. The presence of bioactive compounds in the aqueous extract of V. africana indicates that it could be a good source of natural antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds for the improvement of human health.

References

Rios JL, Recio MC. Medicinal plants and antimicrobial activity. J Ethnopharmacol 2005;100:80-4.

Calixto JB. Twenty-five years of research on medicinal plants in Latin America: A personal view. J Ethnophamacol 2005;100:131-4.

Da-Cheng H. Ranunculales medicinal plants biodiversity, chemistry and pharmacology; 2019. p. 1-33.

Ighodaro I, Taribowei E. In vivo actinociceptive activity of the aqueous leaf extract of Voacanga africana Stapf (Apocynaceae) in mice. J Sci Pract Pharmacol 2015;2:51-4.

Hussain H, Hussain J, Al-Harrasi A, Green IR. Chemistry and biology of the genus Voacanga. Pharma Biol 2012;50:1183-93.

Rodolfo J, Daniel K, Hanson A, Juliana A, James ES. Voacanga africana: Chemistry, Quality and Pharmacological activity. In: African Natural Plant Products: New Discoveries and Challenges in Chemistry and Quality. Cha. 20. United States: American Chemical Society; 2009. p. 363-80.

Anane-Adjei B, Sackey JJ, Churcher PN. Systematic Investigation of Petroleum Ether Extract of Voacanga africana Seeds. Ghana: University of Ghana; 2012.

Tan PV, Penlap VB, Nyasse B, Nguemo JD. Anti-ulcer actions of the bark methanol extract of Voacanga africana in different experimental ulcer models in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2000;73:423-8.

Ayoola GA, Folawewo AD, Adesegun SA, Abioro OO, Adepoju- Bello AA, Coker HA. Phytochemical and antioxidant screening of some plants of Apocynaceae from South West Nigeria. Afr J Plant Sci 2008;2:124-8.

Omodamiro OD, Nwankwo CI. The effect of Voacanga africana leaves extract on serum lipid profile and haematological parameters on albino Wistar rats. Eur J Exp Biol 2013;3:140-8.

Schmelzer GH, Ameenah Gurib-Fakim A. Plant Resources of Tropical Africa. In: Medicinal Plants 2. Vol. 11. Part 2. England: Earthprint Limited; 2008. p. 384.

Duru CM, Ezeji EU, Anyalogbu EA. Phytochemical analysis and anti microbial activity of the bark extracts of Voacanga africana Stapf. Nig J Biotech 2009;20:60-5.

Abiola C, Oyetayo VO. Isolation and biochemical characterization of microorganisms associated with the fermentation of kersting’s Groundnut (Macrotyloma geocarpum). Res J Microbiol 2016;11:47-55.

Harbone JB Method of extraction and isolation in phytochemical techniques. 3rd ed. Chapman and Hall: London; 1998. p. 317.

Trease GE, Evans MC. Pharmacognosy. 14th, 16th ed. New Delhi, India: Elsevier; 2005.

Schinor EC, Salvador MJ, Ito IZ, Dias DA. Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of crude extracts and isolated constituents from Chresta scapigera. Braz J Microb 2007;38:145-9.

Oyetayo VO, Dong C, Yao Y. Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of aqueous extract from Dictyophora indusiata. Open Mycol J 2009;3:20-6.

Puntel RL, Nogueira CW, Rocha JB. Krebs cycle intermediates modulate thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) production in rat brain In vitro. Neurochem Res 2005;30:225-35.

Farnsworth NR, Akerele O, Bingel AS, Soejarto DD, Guo Z. Medicinal plants in therapy. Bull World Health Organ 1985;63:965-81.

Duru CM, Onyedineke NE. In vitro antimicrobial assay and phytochemical analysis of ethanolic extracts of Voacanga africana seeds. J Am Sci 2010;6:119-22.

Nazarni R, Purnama D, Umar S, Eni H. The effect of fermentation on total phenolic, flavonoid and tannin content and its relation to antibacterial activity in jaruk tigarun (Crataeva nurvala, Buch HAM). Int Food Res J 2016;23:309-15.

Haile M, Kang WH. Antioxidant activity, total polyphenol, flavonoid and tannin contents of fermented green coffee beans with selected yeasts. Fermentation 2019;5:29.

Adebo OA, Medina-Meza IG. Impact of Fermentation on the phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of whole cereal grains: A mini review. Molecules 2020;25:927.

Chen G, Chen B, Song D. Co-microbiological regulation of phenolic release through solid-state fermentation of corn kernels (Zea mays L.) to improve their antioxidant activity. LWT 2021;142:111003.

Rajput JD, Bagul SD, Pete UD, Zade CM, Padhye SB, Bendre RS. Perspectives on medicinal properties of natural phenolic monoterpenoids and their hybrids. Mol Divers 2018;22:225-45.

Heim KE, Tagliaferro AR, Bobilya DJ. Flavonoid antioxidants: Chemistry, metabolism and structure-activity relationships. J Nutr Biochem 2002;13:572-84.

Kumar S, Mishra A, Pandey AK. Antioxidant mediated protective effect of Parthenium hysterophorus against oxidative damage using in vitro models. BMC Complementary Altern Med 2013;13:120.

Muflihah YM, Gollavelli G, Ling Y. Correlation study of antioxidant activity with phenolic and flavonoid compounds in 12 Indonesian indigenous herbs. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021;10:1530.

Okwu DE, Omodamiro OD. Effects of hexane extract and phytochemical content of Xylopia aethiopica and Ocimum gratissimum on the uterus of guinea pig. Bioresearch 2005;3:40-4.

Cushnie TP, Lamb AJ. Antimicrobial activity of flavonoids. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2005;26:343-56.

Oyetayo VO. Free radical scavenging and antimicrobial properties of extracts of wild mushrooms. Braz J Microbiol 2009;40:380-6.

Eugene AR, Ganesh NK. Fermentation Technology and Bioreactor Design. In: Food Biotechnology. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2006. p. 33487.

Premjanu N, Jaynthy C. Antimicrobial activity of diethyl phthalate, an in silico approach. Asian J Pharma Clin Res 2014;7:141-2.

Begun IF, Mohankumar R, Jeevan M, Ramani K. GC-MS analysis of bioactive molecules derived from Paracoccus pantotrophs FMR19 and the antimicrobial activity against bacterial pathogens and MDROS. Indian J Microbiol 2016;56:426-32.

Alcock BP, Amogelang RR, Tammy TY, Kara KT, Megane B, Arman E, et al. CARD 2020: Antibiotic resistome surveillance with the comprehensive antibiotic resistance database. Nucleic Acids Res 2020;48:D517-25.

Nikaido H. Multidrug resistance in bacteria. Annu Rev Biochem 2010;78:119-46.