REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES GENERATION IN THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF LITSEA SALICIFOLIA LEAF EXTRACT
Keywords:
Medicinal plant, Antibacterial activity, Oxidative stressAbstract
Objective: The present work was carried out to investigate the antibacterial activity of Litsea salicifolia leaf extract and to study whether there is a generation of oxidative stress in its mechanism of antibacterial action.
Methods: L salicifolia was screened for its antibacterial activity against the bacterial strains collected from the Microbial Type Culture Collection and gene bank (MTCC) viz. Escherichia coli MTCC 443 and Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 96. Disc diffusion method was used for screening. The preliminary screening was done with petroleum ether (PE), chloroform (CHF), methanol (MT) and aqueous (AQ) extracts of the L. salicifolia leaf. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined using macro-broth dilution method. In this work, oxidative stress on bacterial cells after exposure to plant extract was measured using nitroblue tetrazolium method (NBT).
Results: Experimental evidence indicated that the CHF extract is more efficient against S. aureus compared to the other extracts with MIC value of 0.076 mg/ml and MBC value of 0.4 mg/ml. Our results revealed that there was a generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the treated bacterial cell cytoplasm. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed considerable damage in the cell envelope as well as morphological changes in the extract treated bacterial cells. There were also changes in DNA isolated from treated cells.
Conclusion: From the present study, we can conclude that the active constituents in the plant extract contribute in cell killing involving generation of free radical-induced oxidative stress, which possibly the cause or the consequence of the alteration of some other cellular mechanisms ultimately leading to cell death.
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