ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF STEM BARK ESSENTIAL OIL CONSTITUENTS OF LITSEA GLUTINOSA C. B. ROB.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2016v8i12.13577Keywords:
Litsea glutinosa, Stem bark essential oil composition, GC-MS, Antibacterial and Antioxidant activityAbstract
Objective: To evaluate the chemical composition, antibacterial and antioxidant properties of stem bark essential oil of Litsea glutinosa C. B. Rob.
Methods: The essential oil isolated from stem bark of L. glutinosa and their chemical composition was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry detector. The in vitro antibacterial activity of the stem bark essential oil was investigated against eight human pathogenic bacterial clinical isolates using agar disc diffusion method and MIC value was determined by modified resazurin microtitre-plate assay. The antioxidant activity of essential oil was measured by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), 2, 2-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate radical cation (ABTS) and β-carotene bleaching assay.
Results: GC-MS analysis of stem bark essential oil resulted in the identification of 37 compounds, off which 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (62.57%), hexadecanoic acid (12.68%), stigmast-5-en-3-ol (6.87%) and vitamin E (2.51%) were the main constituents representing 84.63% of the oil. The determination of in vitro antibacterial activity of stem bark essential oil resulted in significant inhibition zone (15.00±0.57 mm) and MIC value (0.15±0.15×10-2 mg/ml) against the pathogenic bacteria Vibrio cholera followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi. The results of DPPH radical scavenging (IC50:4.540±0.06 µg/ml), ABTS (IC50:256.02±0.06 µg/ml) and β-carotene bleaching assay (%I: 78.51±0.42 %) showed significant in vitro antioxidant property.
Conclusion: L. glutinosa stem bark essential oil showed potential antibacterial activity against the Vibrio cholera. The results of this investigation supported the ethnomedical claim of essential oil as a demulcent, antidiarrheal and antioxidant drug.
Downloads
References
Kirtikar K, Basu B. Indian medicinal plants. Allahabad; 1981. p. 2156-61.
Anonymous. The wealth of India, Material: L-M, CSIR, India; 1998. p. 229-32.
Rajendra K, Shakthi upadyay. Free radical scavenging activity screening of medicinal plants from Tripura, North east India. Indian J Nat Prod Resour 2009;8:117-22.
Kar A, Menon MK, Chauhan CS. Effect of essential oil of Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C. B. Robinson on cardiovascular system and isolated tissues. Indian J Exp Biol 1970;2:61-2.
Chowdhury JU, Bhuiyan NI, Nandi NC. Aromatic plants of Bangladesh : Essential oils of leaves and fruits Of Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C. B. Robinson. Bangladesh J Bot 2008;37:81–3.
Deans SG, Waterman PG. In: Volatile Oil Crops: Their Biology, Biochemistry and Production. ed. Hay RKM, Waterman PG. Longman, London; 1993. p. 113.
Bachir RG, Benali M. Antibacterial activity of the essential oils from the leaves of Eucalyptus globulus against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2012;2:739–42.
Mahilrajan S, Nandakumar J, Kailayalingam R, Manoharan NA, SriVijeindran S. Screening the antifungal activity of essential oils against decay fungi from palmyrah leaf handicrafts. Biol Res 2014;47:35.
Preedy, Victor R. Essential oils in food preservation, flavor and safety. Elsevier; 2016.
Davies J, Davies D. Origins and evolution of antibiotic resistance. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2010;74:417–33.
European Council. European pharmacopoeia. 8th ed. Strasbourg; 2014.
Sahoo S, Singh S, Nayak S. Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of essential oil and extract of Alpinia malaccensis roscoe (zingiberaceae). Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2014;6:183-8.
Performance standards for antimicrobial disk susceptibility tests. Wayne PA: National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards; 1997.
Moorthy K, Aparna aravind, Punitha T, Vinodhini R, Suresh M. In vitro screening of antimicrobial activity of Wrightia tinctoria (Roxb.) R. Br. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2012;5:54-8.
Sarker SD, Nahar L, Kumarasamy Y. Microtitre plate-based antibacterial assay incorporating resazurin as an indicator of cell growth, and its application in the in vitro antibacterial screening of phytochemicals. Methods 2007;42:321–4.
Tepe B, Daferera D, Sokmen A, Sokmen M, Polissiou M. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil and various extracts of Salvia tomentosa Miller (Lamiaceae). Food Chem 2005;90:333–40.
Archana D, Dixitha M, Santhy KS. Antioxidant and anticlastogenic potential of piper Longum L. Int J Appl Pharm 2015;7:11–4.
Re R, Pellegrini N, Proteggente A, Pannala A, Yang M. Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radical Biol Med 1999;26:1231–7.
Raaman N. Antioxidant activites and phytochemical analysis of methanol extract of leaves of Hygrophila auriculata (Schumach) heine. Int J Curr Pharm Res 2015;7:100-5.
Ebrahimabadi AH, Ebrahimabadi EH, Djafari-Bidgoli Z, Kashi FJ, Mazoochi A. Composition and antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil and extracts of Stachys inflata Benth from Iran. Food Chem 2010;119:452–8.
Wang YS, Liao Z, Li Y, Huang R, Zhang HB. A new megastigmane diglycoside from Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C. B. Rob. J Braz Chem Soc 2011;22:2234–8.
Saleh MA, Clark S, Woodard B, Deolu-Sobogun SA. Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of essential oils. Ethnicity Disease 2010;20:78-82.
Kumar P, Kumaravel S, Lalitha C. Screening of antioxidant activity, total phenolics and GC-MS study of Vitex negundo. Afr J Biochem Res 2010;4:191–5.
Sermakkani M, Thangapandian V. GC-MS analysis of Cassia italica leaf methanol extract. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2011;5:90-4.
Sujatha S, Anand S, Sangeetha KN, Shilpa K, Lakshmi J. Biological evaluation of (3β)-stigmast-5-en-3-ol as potent anti-diabetic agent in regulating glucose transport using in vitro model. Int J Diabetes Mellit 2010;2:101–9.
Pitel S, Raccah D, Gerbi A, Pieroni G, Vague P. At low doses, a gamma-linolenic acid-lipoic acid conjugate is more effective than docosahexaenoic acid-enriched phospholipids in preventing neuropathy in diabetic rats. J Nutr 2007;137:368–72.
Doughari JH, Ndakidemi PA, Human IS, Benade S. Antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiverotoxic potentials of extracts of Curtisia dentata. J Ethnopharmacol 2012;141:1041–50.
Cannas S, Molicotti P, Ruggeri M, Cubeddu M, Sanguinetti M. Antimycotic activity of Myrtus communis L. towards Candida spp. from isolates. J Infect Dev Ctries 2013;7:295–8.
Rothan HA, Zulqarnain M, Ammar YA, Tan EC, Rahman NA. Screening of antiviral activities in medicinal plants extracts against dengue virus using dengue NS2B-NS3 protease assay. Trop Biomed 2014;31:286–96.
Sukphan P, Sritularak B, Mekboonsonglarp W, Lipipun V, Likhitwitayawuid K. Chemical constituents of Dendrobium venustum and their antimalarial and anti-herpetic properties. Nat Prod Commun 2014;9:825–7.
Agoramoorthy G, Chandrasekaran M, Venkatesalu V, Hsu MJ. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of fatty acid methyl esters of the blind-your-eye mangrove from India. Brazilian J Microbiol 2007;38:739–42.
Raynor L, Mitchell A, Walker R. Antifungal activities of four fatty acids against plant pathogenic fungi. Mycopathologia 2004;157:87–90.
Shin SY, Bajpai VK, Kim HR, Kang SC. Antibacterial activity of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) against foodborne and food spoilage microorganisms. LWT-Food Sci Technol 2007;40:1515–9.
Sado-Kamdem SL, Vannini L, Guerzoni ME. Effect of alpha-linolenic, capric and lauric acid on the fatty acid biosynthesis in Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Food Microbiol 2009;129:288–94.
McGaw LJ, Jager AK, van Staden J. Isolation of antibacterial fatty acids from Schotia brachypetala. Fitoterapia 2002;73:431–3.
Seidel V, Taylor PW. In vitro activity of extracts and constituents of Pelagonium against rapidly growing mycobacteria. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2004;23:613–9.
Adwan K, Abu-Hasan N. Gentamicin resistance in clinical strains of Enterobacteriaceae associated with reduced gentamicin uptake. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 1998;43:438–40.
Kaur GJ, Arora DS. Antibacterial and phytochemical screening of Anethum graveolens, Foeniculum vulgare and Trachyspermum ammi. BMC Complement Altern Med 2009;9:30.
Vardar-Unlu G, Candan F, Sokmen A, Daferera D, Polissiou M. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the essential oil and methanol extracts of Thymus pectinatus Fisch. et Mey. Var. pectinatus (Lamiaceae). J Agric Food Chem 2003;51:63–7.
Parikh PH, Rangrez AY. Extraction and phytochemical evaluation of Litsea glutinosa bark methanolic extract. J Appl Pharm Sci 2012;2:71-8.
Gutteridge, JMC, Halliwell B. Antioxidants in nutrition, health, and disease. Oxford University Press, New York; 1994.
Maxwell SR. Prospects for the use of antioxidant therapies. Drugs 1995;49:345–61.
Sies H. Role of reactive oxygen species in biological processes. Klin Wochenschr 1991;69:965–8.
Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC. Free radicals in biology and medicine. Clarendon Press; 1989.
Ito N, Fukushima S, Hagiwara A, Shibata M, Ogiso T. Carcinogenicity of butylated hydroxyanisole in F344 rats. J Natl Cancer Inst 1983;70:343–52.
Sacchetti G, Maietti S, Muzzoli M, Scaglianti M, Manfredini S. Comparative evaluation of 11 essential oils of different origin as functional antioxidants, antiradicals and antimicrobials in foods. Food Chem 2005;91:621–32.
Tepe B, Daferera D, Sokmen A, Sokmen M, Polissiou M. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil and various extracts of Salvia tomentosa miller (Lamiaceae). Food Chem 2005;90:333–40.
Kim SY, Jeong SM, Park WP, Nam KC, Ahn DU, et al. Effect of heating conditions of grape seeds on the antioxidant activity of grape seed extracts. Food Chem 2006;97:472–9.
Nguefack J, Leth V, Amvam Zollo PH, Mathur SB. Evaluation of five essential oils from aromatic plants of Cameroon for controlling food spoilage and mycotoxin producing fungi. Int J Food Microbiol 2004;94:329–34.
Prakash B, Singh P, Kedia A, Dubey NK. Assessment of some essential oils as food preservatives based on antifungal, antiaflatoxin, antioxidant activities and in vivo efficacy in food system. Food Res Int 2012;49:201–8.
