HYPOGLYCEMIC AND HYPOLIPIDEMIC EFFECTS OF ANNONA MURICATA L. LEAF ETHANOL EXTRACT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i3.16402Keywords:
Annona muricata, Hypoglycemic, Hypolipidemic, Phytochemical, AlloxanAbstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Annona muricata leaf ethanol extract. This study also investigated phytochemical analysis of the extract and improvement in the islet of Langerhans.
Methods: Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects were evaluated using alloxan induced diabetic rats. Twenty-five Wistar rats devided into five groups, that are normal group, control group that induced by alloxan 125 mg/kg body weight and given CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose), and three treatment group that induced by alloxan and given Annona muricata leaf ethanol extract (AMLEE) with 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight. Blood glucose and total cholesterol levels were measured before and after alloxan induction, and 21 d after AMLEE treatment. At the end of the study, all of the animals experiment were sacrificed for histopathological examination.
Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed that flavonoids, tannins, saponins, phytosterols and phenols were present in ethanol extract of Annona muricata L. leaf. At the end of the study, blood glucose and total cholesterol levels in all AMLEE treated group were decreased significantly (p<0.05). Final blood glucose level in the groups that given AMLEE 50 mg/kg body weight (86.7±14.6 mg/dl) was almost the same with that of the normal group (91.25±28.38 mg/dl). The result of the histopathological examination is not showed an improvement of the islet of Langerhans in AMLEE treated groups.
Conclusion: In conclusion, the ethanol extract of Annona muricata L. leaf have hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. However, there was no improvement in the islet of Langerhans damage.
Downloads
References
Johnsen K. New definitions of diabetes: consequences. In: Pharmacotherapy of diabetes: new developments. New York. Springer; 2007. p. 9–17.
Ahalya B, Shankar KR, Kiranmayi GVN. Exploration of antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic activities of ethanolic extract of Annona muricata bark in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res 2014;25:21–7.
Gajalakshmi S, Vijayalakshmi S, Devi Rajeswari V. Phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Annona muricata: a review. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2012;4:13–6.
Sawant R, Dongre TP. Biochemical compositional analysis of Annona muricata: a miracle fruit’s review. Int J Univers Pharm Bio Sci 2014;3:82–104.
Suneel Kumar A, Venkatarathanamma V, Naga Saibabu V, Seetha Ram K. Antipyretic activity of Annona plants leaves on brewer’s yeast induced febrile rats. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2015;8:210–2.
Adewole SO, Caxton-martins EA. Morphological changes and hypoglycemic effects of Annona muricata linn. (Annonaceae) leaf aqueous extract on pancreatic β-cells of streptozotocin-treated diabetic rats. Afr J Biomed Res 2006;9:173–87.
Adeyemi DO, Komolafe OA, Adewole SO, Obuotor EM. Histomorphological and morphometric studies of the pancreatic islet cells of diabetic rats treated with extracts of Annona muricata. Folia Morphol 2010;69:92–100.
Adeyemi DO, Komolafe OA, Adewole SO, Obuotor EM. Effects of Annona muricata (Linn) on the morphology of pancreatic islet cells of experimentally-induced diabetic wistar rats. Internet J Altern Med 2007;5:1-8.
Adeyemi DO, Komolafe O, Adewole SO, Obuotor EM. Anti hyperglycemic activities of Annona muricata (Linn). Afr J Tradit Complementary Altern Med 2009:6:62–9.
Florence NT, Benoit MZ, Jonas K, Alexandra, Désiré DDP, Pierre K, et al. Antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of Annona muricata (Annonaceae), aqueous extract on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2014;151:784–90.
Lenzen S. The mechanisms of alloxan and streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Diabetologia 2008;51:216–26.
Szkudelski T. The mechanism of alloxan and streptozotocin action in b cells of the rat pancreas. Physiol Res 2001;50:536–46.
Tiwari H, Kumar P, Kaur B, Kaur M, Kaur G. Phytochemical screening and extraction: a review. Int Pharm Sci 2011;1:98–106.
Rupeshkumar M, Kavitha K, Haldar PK. The role of herbal plants in the diabetes mellitus therapy : an overview. Int J Appl Pharm 2014;6:1–3.
Sunarni T, Leviana F, Fidrianny I, Iwo MI, Wirasutisna KR. The antihyperuricemic activity of four plants annonaceae using hyperuricemic rats model and enzyme assay. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2015;8:250–3.
Tripoli MG, Guardia ML, Giammanco S, Majo DD. Citrus flavonoids: molecular structure, biological activity and nutritional properties: a review. Food Chem 2007;104:466–79.
Ragasa CY, Torres OB, Soriano G. Sterols and triterpenes from the fruit of Annona muricata Linn. Silliman J 2013;54:107–12.
Castell A, Baiges I, Ard A. Bioactivity of flavonoids on cells. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2008;7:299–308.
Sandhar P, Kumar HK, Prasher B, Tiwari T, Salhan P, Sharma M. A review of phytochemistry and pharmacology of flavonoids. Int Pharm Sci 2011:1:25–41.
Eliakim-Ikechukwu CF, Obri AI. Histological changes in the pancreas following administration of ethanolic extract of Alchornea cordifolia leaf in alloxan-induced diabetic wistar rats. Niger J Physiol Sci 2009;24:153–5.
Saha D, Ghosh SK, Das T, Mishra SB. Hypoglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects of Adiantum caudatum in alloxan induced diabetes in rats. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2016;9:361–3.
Verma N. Introduction to hyperlipidemia and its management: a review. Int J Curr Pharm Res 2017;9:6–14.
Singh AK, Chawla V, Saraf SK. Different chemical, biological and molecular approaches for antihyperlipidemic therapy with special emphasis on anti-hyperlipidemic agents of natural origin. J Crit Rev 2014;1:1–9.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
