PUPAL EMERGENCE INHIBITION ACTIVITY OF ACALYPHA INDICA LEAF EXTRACT AGAINST DENGUE VECTOR, AEDES ALBOPICTUS MOSQUITO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i8.19362Keywords:
Mosquito, Ae albopictus, Larvae, Medicinal plants, Diseases, InsecticidesAbstract
Objective: To investigate the larvicidal activities of six varying extracts of Acalypha indica (A. indica) leaves from family Euphorbiaceae against the dengue mosquito vector, Aedesalbopictus (Ae. albopictus) in laboratory.
Methods: Leaves from the study plants were separated, air dried in room temperature, grounded and extracted with different solvents (petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, ethanol and aqueous) by solvent apparatus and aqueous extract by maceration method. The extra solvents were evaporated to obtain crude extracts by using rotary evaporator. The crude extracts of six different solvents were dissolved in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) to prepare test dosages of 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 5000 ppm. Third instar larvae of Ae. albopictus were exposed to 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 5000 ppm concentrations of petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, ethanol and aqueous extracts of A. indica and compared with control to determine the larvicidal effects. Larval bioassays were carriedout according to World Health Organisation (WHO) procedures. The rate of larval mortality was recorded after 24h and 48 h of time exposure. Three duplicate trials were made for each tested dosage. IC50 and IC90 values were calculated by using probit analysis.
Results: Based on probit analysis result the 24h and 48h LC50 and LC90 of petroleum ether extract of A. indica against Ae. albopictus was found to be 2805.43 ppm and 2376.11 ppm, 3825.14 ppm and 3327.8 ppm, respectively. An LC50 and LC90 value of chloroform extracts of A. indicaa gainst third instar larvae was found to be 2276.5 ppm and 4015.8 ppm (24h), 2213.36 ppm and 3430.43 ppm (48h), respectively. An LC50 value of 4472.17 ppm and 2469.61 ppm, and LC90 value of 4215.84 ppm was obtained on ethylacetate extract treatment against Ae. albopictus for 24h and 48h exposure, respectively. The 24h and 48 h LC50 and LC90 values of n-butanol extracts of A. indica was found to be 2777.88 ppm and 3628.19 ppm, 2225.61 ppm and 2518.86 ppm, respectively. In the present study, the larvicidal bioassays demonstrated that the n-butanolextract was most effective with 100% mortality against larvae of Ae. albopictus at 3000, 4000 and 5000 ppm compared to other extracts. All other extracts (petroleum ether, chloroform and ethyl acetate) of A. indica at high concentration (4000 ppm and 5000 ppm) manifested a significant (P<0.01 and 0.05) knock down effect of 100% moratality after 24h and 48h exposure. While the third instar lavae of Ae. albopictus were found to be most susceptabile and produced no mortality to ethanol and aqueous extract at varying parts per million.
Conclusion: A. indica leaf extract was tested for the first time against dengue vector Ae. albopictus and the results revealed that A. indica can be used to control dengue vector. Further this extract needs to be evaluated under field conditions for proper exploitation of Ae. albopictus mosquito larvae. Thus, the present study provided a first report on A. indica as a prompting mosquito larvicidal activity and can be considered for further investiagtions such as formulation of bioinsecticides to control Ae. albopictus populations
Downloads
References
Kovendan K, Murugan K, Vincent S, Barnard DR. Studies on larvicidal and the pupicidal activity of LeucasasperaWilld. (Lamiaceae) and bacterial insecticide, Bacillus sphaericus against the malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi Liston. (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasitol Res 2012;110:195-203.
Logeswari P, Silambarasan S, Abraham J. Ecofriendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles fromcommercially available plant powders and their antibacterial properties. SciIranica 2013;20:1049–54.
Lounibos LP. Invasions by insect vectors of human disease. Annu Rev Entomol 2002;47:233–66.
Dharmagadda VSS, Naik SN, Mittal PK, Vasudevan P. Larvicidal activity of Tagetespatula essential oil against three mosquito species. Bioresour Technol 2005;96:1235–40.
Carriger JF, Rand GM, Gardinali PR, Perry WB, Tompkins MS, Fernandez AM. Pesticides of potential ecological concern in sediment from South Florida canals: an ecological risk prioritization for aquatic arthropods. Soil Sediment Contam 2006;15:21-45.
Kamaraj C, Rahuman AA, Bagavan A. Antifeedant and larvicidal effect of plant extracts against Spodopteralitura (F), Aedesaegypti L. and Culexquinquefasciatus say. Parasitol Res 2008;103:325–31.
San Martin JL, Brathwaite O, Zambrano B, Solorzano JO, Bouckenooghe A, Dayan GG, et al. The epidemiology of dengue in the Americas over the last three decades: a worrisome reality. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2010;82:128–35.
Jaswanth A, Ramanathan P, Ruckmani K. Evaluation of mosquitocidal activity of Annona squamosa leaves against filarial vector mosquito, Culexquinquefasciatus say. Indian J Exp Biol 2002;40:363-5.
Park K. Park's textbook of preventive and social medicine. 20th ed Jabalpur Banarsidas Bhanot Publishers; 2009.
Prabhu K, Murugan K, Nareshkumar A, Ramasubramanian N, Bragadeeswaran S. Larvicidal and repellent potential of Moringaoleifera against malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi Liston (Insecta: Diptera: Culicidae). Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2011;1:124-9.
Allison LN, Dike SK, Opara FN, Ezike MN, Amadi AN. Evaluation of larvicidal efficacy and phytochemical potential of some selected indigenous plant against Anopheles gambiense and Culexquinquefasciatus. Adv Biosci Biotechnol 2013;4:1128-33.
Sharma P, Mohan L, Srivastava CN. Larvicidal potential of Neriumindicum and Thiyaorientelis extracts against malarias and Japanese encephalitis vector. J Environ Biol 2005;26:67–70.
Rajkumar S, Jebanesan A. Larvicidal and oviposition activity of Cassia obtusifolia Linn (Family: Leguminosae) leaf extract against malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi Liston (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasitol Res 2009;104:337-40.
Pandey SK, Upadhyay S, Tripathi AK. Insecticidal and repellent activities of thymolfrom the essential oil of Trachyspermumammi (Linn) Sprague seeds against Anopheles stephensi. Parasitol Res 2009;105:507-12.
Kumar S, Warikoo R, Wahab N. Larvicidal potential of ethanolic extracts of dried fruits of three species of peppercorns against different instars of an Indian strain of dengue fever mosquito, Aedesaegypti L. (Diptera: culicidae). Parasitol Res 2010;107:901-7.
Simas NK, Lima Eda C, Kuster RM, Lage CL, de Oliveira Filho AM. Potential use of Piper nigrum ethanol extract against pyrethroid-resistant Aedesaegypti larvae. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2007;40:405-7.
Govindarajan M. Bioefficacy of Cassia fistula Linn. (Leguminosae) leaf extract againstchikungunya vector, Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). Eur Res Med Pharmacol Sci 2009;13:99–103.
Harve G, Kamath V. Larvicidal activity of plant extracts used alone and in combination with known synthetic larvicidal agents against Aedesaegypti. Indian J Exp Biol 2004;42:1216–9.
Vasudevan K, Malarmagal R, Charulatha H, Saraswatula VL, Prabakaran K. Larvicidal effects of crude extracts of dried ripened fruits of piper nigrum against Culexquiquefascitus larval instars. J Vector Borne Dis 2009;46:153.
Morita H, Tomizawa Y, Deguchi J, Ishikawa T, Arai H, Zaima K, et al., Synthesis and structure–activity relationships of cassiarin A as potential antimalarials with vasorelaxant activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2009;17:8234-40.
Kamaraj C, Rahuman AA, Bagavan A, Zahir AA, Elango G, Kandan P, et al. Larvicidal efficacy of medicinal plant extracts against Anopheles stephensi and Culexquinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). Trop Biomed 2010b;27:211-9.
Dua VK, Pandey AC, Dash AP. Adulticidal activity of essential oil of Lantana camera leaves against mosquitoes. Indian J Med Res 2010;131:434-9.
Dua VK, Gupta NC, Pandey AC, Sharma VP. Repellency of Lantana camera (Verbenaceae) flowers against Aedes mosquitoes. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 1996;12:406-8.
Gratz NG. Critical review of the vector status of Aedesalbopictus. Med Vet Entomol 2004;18:215-27.
Liu XC, Liu QY, Zhou L, Liu QR, Liu ZL. Chemical composition of Zanthoxylumavicennae essential oil and its larvicidal activity on Ae. albopictus Skuse. Trop J Pharm Res 2014;13:399-4.
Yadav R, Tyagi V, Tikar SN, Sharma AK, Mendki MJ, Jain AK, et al. Differential larval toxicity and oviposition altering activity of some indigenous plant extracts against dengue and chikungunya vector Ae. albopictus. J Arthropod Borne Diseases 2014;8:174-85.
AkonoNtonga P, Baldovini N, Mouray E, Mambu L, Belong P, Grellier P. Activity of Ocimumbasilicum, Ocimumcanum, and Cymbopogoncitratus essential oils against Plasmodium falciparum and mature-stage larvae of Anopheles funestus. Parasite 2014;21:33.
Benelli G, Canale A, Conti B. Eco-friendly control strategies against the Asian tiger mosquito, Ae. albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae): repellency and toxic activity of plant essential oils andextracts. Pharmacologyonline 2014;1:44-51.
Alwala OJ, Wanzala W, Inyambukho RA, Osundwa EM, Ndiege IO. Characterization and evaluation of repellent effect of essential oil of Mangiferaindica L. from Kenya. J Essen Oil Bear Plants 2010;13:85-96.
Mohammed A, Chadee DD. An evaluation of some trinidadian plant extracts against larvae of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2007;23:172-6.
Singh G, Prakash S. Efficacy of Bacillus sphaericusagainstlarvae of malaria and filarial vectors: an analysis of early resistance detection. Parasitol Res 2009;104:763–6.
Sakthivadivel M, Thilagavathy D. Larvicidal and chemosterilant activity of the acetone fraction of petroleum ether extract from ArgemonemexicanaL seed. Bioresour Technol 2003;89:213-6.
Kamaraj C, Bagavan A, Elango G, Abduz Zahir S, Rajakumar G, Marimuthu S, et al. Larvicidal activity of medicinal plant extracts against Anophelessubpictus and Culextritaniorhynchus. Indain J Med Res 2011;134:101-6.
Adebajo AC, Famuyiwa FG, Aliyu FA. Properties for sourcing. Nigerian Larvicidal Plants 2014;19:8363-72.
Sukumar K, Perich MJ, Boobar LR. Botanical derivatives in mosquito control: a review. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 1991;7:210-37.
Hadjiakhoondi A, Vatandoost H, Khanavi M, Abaee MR, Karami M. Biochemical investigation of different extracts and larvicidal activity of Tagetesminuta L. on Anopheles stephensi larvae. Iran J Pharm Res 2005;1:81-4.
Marcard M, Zebitz CPW, Schmutterer H. The effect of crude methanol extract, Ajugasp on post embryonic development of different mosquito species. J Appl Entomol 1986;101:146-54.
Tonk S, Bartarya R, Kumari K, Bhatnagar V, Strivastava S. Effective method for extraction of larvicidal component from leaves of Azadirachta indicaand Artemisia annua Linn. J Environ Biol 2006;27:103–5.
Abdul Rahuman A, Bagavan A, Kamaraj C, Vadivelu M, Abdu Zahir A, Elango G, Pandiyan G. Evaluation of indigenous plant extracts against larvae of Culexquinquefasciatus say (Diptera: Culicidae). J Parasitol Res 2008;104:637–43.
Mullal K, Jebanesan A, Pushpanathan T. Mosquitocidaland repellent activity of the leaf extract of Citrullus vulgaris (Cucurbitaceae) against malaria vector, Anopheles StephensiListon (Diptera: Culicidae). Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2008;12:1–7.
Abdu Zahir A, Abdul Rahuman A, Kamaraj C, Bagavan A, Elango G, Sangaran A, et al. Laboratory determination of efficacy of indigenous plant extracts for parasites control. J Parasitol Res 2009;436:1–5.
Tang LIC, Ling APK, Koh RY, Chye SM, Voon KGL. Screening of anti-dengue activity in methanolic extracts of medicinal plants. BMC Complementary Altern Med 2012;12:3.
Bilal H, Akram W, Din S, Khan IA, Hassan SA, Arshad M. Larvicidal activity of selected plant extracts against Aedes albopictus skuse (Diptera: Culicidae). Afr Entomol 2012;20:8-12.
Das NG, Goswami D, Rabha B. Preliminary evaluation of mosquito larvicidal efficacy of plant extracts. J Vector Borne Dis 2007;44:145-8.
Jaenson TG, PÃ¥lsson K, Borg-Karlson AK. Evaluation of extracts and oils of mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) repellent plants from Sweden and Guinea-Bissau. J Med Entomol 2006;43:113-9.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
