PHYTOCHEMICAL, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, ANTIOXIDANT, CYTOTOXIC AND ANTIBACTERIAL STUDY OF CAPPARIS CARTILAGINEA DECNEFROM YEMEN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2018v10i6.22905Keywords:
Capparis cartilaginea, Phytochemical, Essential oil, Anti-inflammation, Antioxidant cytotoxicity, AntibacterialAbstract
Objective: To investigate phytochemicals and biological activities of Capparis cartilaginea extracts.
Methods: The methanolic extracts of leaves, stem and twigs of C. cartilaginea were screened for their phytochemicals. The essential oil of the leaves was hydrodistilled by a Clevenger apparatus and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The leaves extract of C. cartilaginea was evaluated for its anti-inflammatory effect, using formalin-induced paw edema. The leaves, stem and twig extracts were assessed for their antioxidant activity, using free radical scavenging assay, cytotoxic activity, using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and antibacterial activity, using the microdilution method.
Results: All extracts of C. cartilaginea contained alkaloids, carbohydrates, protein, coumarin, phytosterols, bitter principles, phenols and tannins. The essential oil of the leaves was mainly composed of isopropyl isothiocyanate (69.4%), butane,1-isothiocyanate (26.97%) and isobutyl isothiocyanate (3.26%). The leaves extract at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, significantly inhibited paw edema at the 3rd h (49.1%, 54.0%, respectively) and this effect was comparable to that of diclofenac (58.87%). The leaves extract showed the highest antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 91.71 µg/ml. The twigs extract exhibited the highest cytotoxic activity against human lung carcinoma (A549) with IC50 of 57.5 µg/ml. The leaves and stem extracts exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 5.0 mg/ml.
Conclusion: The leaves extract of C. cartilaginea is a potential source of bioactive compounds that could have a role in anti-inflammation. Twigs extract of the C. cartilaginea possesses a potential cytotoxic effect on human lung cell line.
Downloads
References
Inocencio C, Rivera D, Obón MC, Alcaraz F, Barreña JA. A systematic revision of Capparis section Capparis (Capparaceae) 1, 2. Ann Mo Bot Gard 2006;93:122-49.
Al-Khulaidi A. Flora of Yemen. Sustainable natural resource management project (SNRMP) Ó€Ó€. Sana'a, Yemen: Obaidi Publishing; 2013.
Hamed AR, Abdel-Shafeek KA, Abdel-Azim NS, Ismail SI, Hammouda FM. Chemical investigation of some Capparis species growing in Egypt and their antioxidant activity. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2007;4 Suppl 1:25-8.
Lansky EP, Paavilainen HM, Lansky S. Caper: the genus Capparis. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2013.
Miller AG, Morris M. Plants of dhofar: the southern region of oman, traditional, economic and medicinal uses. sultanate of oman: the office of the adviser for the conservation of the environment, diwan of royal court; 1988.
Al-Dubai A, Al-Khulaidi A. Medicinal and aromatic plants of Yemen (In Arabic). Sana’a, Yemen: Obadi Center for Studies and Publishing; 1996.
Hehmeyer I, Schönig H. Herbal medicine in yemen: traditional knowledge and practice, and their value for today's world. Leiden, the Netherlands: Brill; 2012.
Sharaf M, El-Ansari MA, Saleh NA. Flavonoids of four Cleome and three Capparis species. Biochem Syst Ecol 1997;25:161-6.
Mothana RA, Lindequist U, Gruenert R, Bednarski PJ. Studies of the in vitro anticancer, antimicrobial and antioxidant potentials of selected Yemeni medicinal plants from the island Soqotra. BMC Complement Altern Med 2009;9:7.
Galib NA, Algfri SK. Phytochemical screening and antioxidant evaluation by DPPH of Capparis cartilaginea decne leaves. J Med Plants 2016;4:280-6.
Ageel A, Parmar N, Mossa J, Al-Yahya M, Al-Said M, Tariq M. Anti-inflammatory activity of some Saudi Arabian medicinal plants. Agents Actions 1986;17:383-4.
El Azhary K, Jouti NT, El Khachibi M, Moutia M, Tabyaoui I, El Hou A, et al. Anti-inflammatory potential of Capparis spinosa L. in vivo in mice through inhibition of cell infiltration and cytokine gene expression. BMC Complement Altern Med 2017;17:81.
Chen JJ, Kuo WL, Liao HR, Kuo YH, Chen IS, Shu CW, et al. A new benzenoid and anti-inflammatory constituent of Capparis acutifolia. Chem Nat Compd 2017;53:21-3.
Esmaeili S, Hamzeloo Moghadam M, Ghaffari S, Mosaddegh M. Cytotoxic activity screening of some medicinal plants from south of Iran. Res J Pharmacogn 2014;1:19-25.
Latif A, Amer HM, Hamad ME, Alarifi SAR, Almajhdi FN. Medicinal plants from Saudi Arabia and Indonesia: In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation on Vero and HEp-2 cells. J Med Plants Res 2014;8:1065-73.
Abutaha N, Al-Mekhlafi A. Evaluation of the safe use of the larvicidal fraction of Capparis cartilaginea Decne. against Aedes caspius (Pallas) (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae. Afr Entomol 2014;22:838-46.
Rahimifard N, Shojaii A, Mahbobi M, Hafezan G, Bagheri F, Asgarpanah J. Evaluation of antibacterial activity and flavonoid content of two Capparis species from Iran. J Med Plants 2015;3:89-94.
Alasbahi R, Safiyeva S, Craker L. Antimicrobial activity of some Yemeni medicinal plants. J Herbs Spices Med Plants 1999;6:75-83.
Gilani AUH, Aftab K. Hypotensive and spasmolytic activities of ethanolic extract of Capparis cartilaginea. Phytother Res 1994;8:145-8.
Banu KS, Cathrine L. General techniques involved in the phytochemical analysis. Int J Adv Res Computer Sci 2015;2:25-32.
Wagner H, Bladt S. Plant drug analysis: a thin layer chromatography atlas. New York: Springer Science and Business Media; 1996.
Adams RP. Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. 4th ed. Illinois USA: Allured Publishing Corporation; 2007.
Al-Mahbashi HM, El-Shaibany A, Saad FA. Evaluation of acute toxicity and antimicrobial effects of the bark extract of Bisham (Commiphora gileadensis L.). J Chem Pharm Res 2015;7:810-4.
Hosseinzadeh H, Younesi HM. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Crocus sativus L. stigma and petal extracts in mice. BMC Pharmacol 2002;2:7.
Shripad B, Abhijeet A, Inayat P, Nema N. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory evaluation of Ficus microcarpa l. leaves extract. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2012;5:258-61.
Blois MS. Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Nature 1958;181:1199-200.
Bains A, Tripathi A. Evaluation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of aqueous extract of wild mushrooms collected from Himachal Pradesh. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2017;10:467-72.
Mosmann T. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. J Immunol Methods 1983;65:55-63.
Scudiero DA, Shoemaker RH, Paull KD, Monks A, Tierney S, Nofziger TH, et al. Evaluation of a soluble tetrazolium/ formazan assay for cell growth and drug sensitivity in culture using human and other tumor cell lines. Cancer Res 1988;48:4827-33.
Coyle MB. Manual of antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Washington D. C.: American Society for Microbiology; 2005.
Jantan Ib, Karim Moharam BA, Santhanam J, Jamal JA. Correlation between chemical composition and antifungal activity of the essential oils of eight Cinnamomum species. Pharm Biol 2008;46:406-12.
Afsharypuor S, Jazy AA. Stachydrine and volatile isothiocyanates from the unripe fruit of Capparis spinosa L. DARU 1999;7:11-3.
Zidorn C, Stuppner H. Evaluation of chemosystematic characters in the genus Leontodon (Asteraceae). Taxon 2001;50:115-33.
Ogunlaja OO, Moodley R, Baijnath H, Jonnalagadda SB. Chemical constituents and in vitro antioxidant activity of crude extracts and compounds from leaves and stem bark of Ficus burtt-Davyi. Acta Pol Pharm 2016;73:1593-600.
Wu X, Kassie F, Mersch-Sundermann V. Induction of apoptosis in tumor cells by naturally occurring sulfur-containing compounds. Mutat Res 2005;589:81-102.
Bianchini F, Vainio H. Isothiocyanates in cancer prevention. Drug Metab Rev 2004;36:655-67.
Zhang Y. Cancer-preventive isothiocyanates: measurement of human exposure and mechanism of action. Mutat Res 2004;555:173-90.
Igbe I, Ching FP, Eromon A. Anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous fruit pulp extract of Hunteria umbellata K. schum in acute and chronic inflammation. Acta Pol Pharm Drug Res 2010;67:81-5.
Safari V, Ngugi M, Orinda G, Njagi E. Anti-pyretic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of aqueous leaf extract of Urtica dioica L. in albino mice. Med Aromat Plants 2016;5:1-7.
Fu KY, Light AR, Maixner W. Long-lasting inflammation and long-term hyperalgesia after subcutaneous formalin injection into the rat hind paw. J Pain 2001;2:2-11.
Damas J, Liegeois JF. The inflammatory reaction induced by formalin in the rat paw. Naunyn Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol 1999;359:220-7.
Perez G. Anti-inflammatory activity of compounds isolated from plants. Sci World J 2001;1:713-84.
Jedinak A, Farago J, Psenakova I, Maliar T. Approaches to flavonoid production in plant tissue cultures. Biologia (Bratisl) 2004;59:697-710.
Dasgupta A, Rai M, Acharya K. Phytochemical analysis and in vitro antioxidant activity of a wild edible mushroom Entoloma lividoalbum. Phytochem Anal 2015;8:171-4.
Hela A, Abdullah A. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of methanol extracts of some Verbena species: in vitro evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity in relation to polyphenolic content. J Appl Sci Res 2010;6:683-9.
Winrow V, Winyard P, Morris C, Blake D. Free radicals in inflammation: second messengers and mediators of tissue destruction. Br Med Bull 1993;49:506-22.
Paiva P, Gomes F, Napoleão T, Sa R, Correia M, Coelho L. Antimicrobial activity of secondary metabolites and lectins from plants. In: Mendez Vilas A. editor. Current research, technology and education topics in applied microbiology and microbial biotechnology. Brazil: Formatex; 2010. p. 396-406.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
