COMPARATIVE STUDY OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF MOMORDICA CHARANTIA SEEDS WITH SYNTHETIC INSULIN SENSITIZERS ON BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS AND BODY WEIGHT IN ALBINO RATS
Keywords:
MCSE, Metformin, Pioglitazone, Insulin resistance, Dexamethasone induced diabetesAbstract
Objective: To evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of Momordica charantia seed in combination with an insulin sensitizer metformin on blood glucose levels and body weight compared to metformin plus pioglitazone.
Methods: Rats were divided into 5 groups of 6 animals each. Metformin and Pioglitazone were given at doses of 1250mg/kg b. w/day and 75mg/kg b. w/day. Momordica Charantia Seed Extract (MCSE) was administered at a dose of 2500mg/kg b. w/day. All these drugs were administered orally once daily for a period of 7 days (total study duration). Injection Dexamethasone (8mg/kg) was given intraperitoneally to all the 3 test groups during the last 3 days of study to induce a state of insulin resistance. Blood glucose levels and body weight were measured before starting the study, before starting Dexamethasone (Day 5), and at the end of the study (Day 7). Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunnet test.
Results: In case of Dexamethasone induced diabetic model, the combination of Metformin and MCSE exhibited significant reduction in blood glucose (P = 0.019) and body weight (P = 0.004) as compared to Metformin and Pioglitazone.
Conclusion: The aqueous extract of Momordica charantia seed has potent  blood glucose lowering activity in dexamethasone induced diabetes in rat.
Â
Downloads
References
Natali A, Ferrannini E. Effects of metformin and thiazolidinediones on suppression of hepatic glucose production and stimulation of glucose uptake in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review. Diabetologia 2006;49:434-41.
Schernthaner G, Matthews DR, Charbonnel B, Hanefeld M, Brunetti P. Efficacy and safety of pioglitazone versus metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a double-blind, randomized trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:6068-76.
Charbonnel B, Schernthaner G, Brunetti P, Matthews DR, Urquhart R, Tan MH, et al. Long-term efficacy and tolerability of add-on pioglitazone therapy to failing monotherapy compared with addition of gliclazide or metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2005;48:1093-104.
Russell-Jones D, Cuddihy RM, Hanefeld M, Kumar A, Gonzalez JG, Chan M, et al. Efficacy and safety of exenatide once weekly versus metformin, pioglitazone, and sitagliptin used as monotherapy in drug-naive patients with type 2 diabetes(DURATION-4): a 26-week double-blind study. Diabetes Care 2012;35:252-8.
Takeda Pharmaceuticals. Highlights of prescribing information. [Internet]; Available from http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/ drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/021073s035lbl.pdf [Last accessed on 2014 May 09].
Dormandy J, Bhattacharya M, van Troostenburg de Bruyn AR. Proactive investigators. Safety and tolerability of pioglitazone in high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes: an overview of data from proactive. Drug Saf 2009;32:187-202.
Erdmann E, Song E, Spanheimer R, van Troostenburg de Bruyn AR, Perez A. Observational follow-up of the Proactive Study: a 6-year update. Diabetes Obes Metab 2014;16:63-74.
Lewis JD, Ferrara A, Peng T, Hedderson M, Bilker WB, Quesenberry CP Jr, et al. Risk of bladder cancer among diabetic patients treated with pioglitazone: Interim report of a longitudinal cohort study. Diabetes Care 2011;34:916-22.
Wei L, MacDonald TM, Mackenzie IS. Pioglitazone and bladder cancer: a propensity score matched cohort study. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2013;75:254-9.
Neumann A, Weill A, Ricordeau P, Fagot JP, Alla F, Allemand H. Pioglitazone and risk of bladder cancer among diabetic patients in France: a population-based cohort study. Diabetologia 2012;55:1953-62.
FDA Drug Safety Communication. Update to ongoing safety review of Actos (pioglitazone) and increased risk of bladder cancer. [Internet]; Available from http://www.fda.gov/ drugs/drugsafety/ucm259150. htm [Last accessed on 2014 May 06].
Gazette of India: New Delhi. [Internet]; Available from: http://cdsco.nic.in/writereaddata/GSR%20379E.pdf [Last accessed on 2014 May10].
Gazette of India: New Delhi. [Internet]; Available from: http://cdsco.nic.in/writereaddata/GRIjuly13.pdf [Last accessed on 2014 May10].
Khan V, Najmi AK, Akhtar M, Aqil M, Mujeeb M, Pillai KK. A pharmacological appraisal of medicinal plants with antidiabetic potential. J Pharm Bioall Sci 2012;4:27 42.
Basch E, Gabardi S, Ulbricht C. Bitter melon (Momordica charantia): A review of efficacy and safety. Am J Health-Syst Pharm 2003;60:356-9.
McCarty MF. Does bitter melon contain an activator of AMP-activated kinase? Med Hypotheses 2004;63:340-3.
Yibchok S, Adisakwattana S, Cheng YY, Sangvanich P, Roengsumran S, Hsu WH. Slow acting protein extract from fruit pulp of Momordica charantia with insulin secretagogue and insulinomimetic activities. Biol Pharm Bull 2006;29:1126-31.
Chen Q, Chan LLY, Li ETS. Bitter melon (Momordica charantia) reduces adiposity, lowers serum insulin and normalizes glucose tolerance in rats fed a high fat diet. J Nutr 2003;133:1088-93.
Senanayake GVK, Maruyama M, Shibuya K, Sakono M, Fukuda N, Morishita T, et al. The effects of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) on serum and liver triglyceride levels in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2004;91:257-62.
Kumar R, Balaji S, Uma TS, Sehgal PK. Fruit extracts of Momordica charantia potentiate glucose uptake and up-regulate Glut-4, PPARγ and PI3K. J Ethnopharmacol 2009;126:533-7.
Nerurkar PV, Lee YK, Motosue M, Adeli K, Nerurkar VR. Momordica charantia (bitter melon) reduces plasma apolipoprotein B-100 and increases hepatic insulin receptor substrate and phosphoinositide-3 kinase interactions. Br J Nutr 2008;100:751-9.
Cheng HL, Huang HK, Chang CI, Tsai CP, Chou CH. A cell-based screening identifies compounds from the stem of Momordica charantia that overcome insulin resistance and activate AMP-activated protein kinase. J Agric Food Chem 2008;56:6835-43.
Bailey CJ, Day C. Traditional plant medicines as treatments for diabetes. Diabetes Care 1989;12:553-64.
Gohil KL, Patel JA. Herb-drug interactions: a review and study based on assessment of clinical case reports in literature. Ind J Pharmacol 2007;39:129-39.
Tripathi P, Gupta PP, Lal Vijay K. Interaction of Aqueous Extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum Seeds with Glibenclamide in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats. Am J Pharmacol Toxicol 2013;8:102-6.
Adriane FB. Herb-drug interactions. Lancet 2000;355:134-8.