VARIATIONS IN VOLATILE OIL CONSTITUENTS OF ECHINOPS SPECIES GROWING IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND THE MEDITERRANEAN REGIONS: MINI REVIEW

GHINA ABDUL MAJID; MOHAMAD ALI HIJAZI; ABDALLA EL LAKANY; MAHA ABOUL ELA

doi:10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i11.52107

Authors

GHINA ABDUL MAJID Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Lebanon, Egypt https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2913-617X
MOHAMAD ALI HIJAZI Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Lebanon, Egypt
ABDALLA EL LAKANY Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Lebanon, Egypt
MAHA ABOUL ELA Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Lebanon, Egypt

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i11.52107

Keywords:

Echinops, Essential oils, Sesquiterpenes, Flavonoids, Mediterranean region, Biological activity

Abstract

The genus Echinops of the family Asteraceae has commonly been a subject of interest because its members have various chemical constituents and crucial pharmacological activities of great medicinal importance over the last decade (2010-2023). Therefore, this genus has attracted serious research in pharmacognosy and herbal medicine. Detailed studies revealed that Echinops species contain numerous bioactive compounds, such as sesquiterpene lactones, essential oils, flavonoids, and polyacetylenic aliphatic acids, largely in plant parts that are important for therapeutic use. These bioactive constituents have been associated with a wide diversity of pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic underlined while proceeding to show some antioxidant activity and even hepatoprotective action of the genus, hence encouraging the further development of novel therapeutic agents. Most of these activities have been studied both in vitro and in vivo to establish their underlying effects. This will help us evaluate pharmacological properties attributed to the genus Echinops and pave the way for future studies to validate traditional uses and optimize extraction methods and their clinical applications. This work highlighted the position of Echinops species in Mediterranean areas, especially essential oils as a source of bioactive compounds useful in the well-being of humans and its variation concerning several factors. It has reaffirmed the place of natural products in drug discovery and development.

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