GC-MS ANALYSIS OF ESSENTIAL OIL OF SOME HIGH DRUG YIELDING GENOTYPES OF TURMERIC (CURCUMA LONGA L.)

Authors

  • Abdul Akbar Siksha O Anusandhan University
  • Ananya Kuanar Siksha O Anusandhan University
  • I Sriram Sandeep Siksha O Anusandhan University
  • Basudeba Kar Siksha O Anusandhan University
  • Sikha Singh Siksha O Anusandhan University
  • Sujata Mohanty Siksha O Anusandhan University
  • Jeetendranath Patnaik Siksha O Anusandhan University
  • Sanghamitra Nayak Siksha O Anusandhan University

Keywords:

Curcuma longa, Genotypes, Curcumin, Essential oil

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this investigation was to carry out the qualitative evaluation of selected high drug yielding elite genotypes of turmeric to add to their eliteness.

Methods: 131 turmeric genotypes collected from 10 different agroclimatic zones were analysed for curcumin content. Leaves and rhizomes of these plants were collected for extraction of essential oil. Curcumin percentage of the sample was estimated according to the ASTA method. Essential oil was extracted by hydro-distillation of fresh leaves and rhizomes following the method of Guenther (1972). Initial screening of elite genotypes was done on the basis of curcumin content (≥5%), rhizome oil content (≥1.5%) and leaf oil content (≥0.5%). Selected elite genotypes were subjected to qualitative evaluation of essential oil through GC-MS analysis.

Results: The five high rhizome oil yielding genotypes, TR1, TR2, TR3 and TR5 containing high rhizome oil yield of 2.1%, 1.7%, 1.6% and 1.5% respectively were considered to be elite clones containing tumerone as the major constituent of rhizome essential oil along with all desirable constituents. On the basis of leaf oil yield, genotypes TL1 and TL2 with 1.9% and 1.1% leaf oil were proved as elite clones with α–phellandrene as the major constituent along with other desirable constituents. GC-MS analysis of 3 selected high curcumin yielding genotypes TC1, TC2 and TC3 with curcumin content 7.3, 7.2 and 7.0% respectively revealed TC1 and TC2 as elite genotypes containing high quality rhizome and leaf oil.

Conclusion: The present investigation reveals that eight genotypes of turmeric selected with high drug yield and high quality essential oil would have enough significance for boosting the production and export of value added products in the national and international market.

 

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Purseglove JW. Tropical crops monocotyledons. Longman Group Ltd, London; 1974.

Jitoe A, Masuda T, Tengah IGP, Suprapta DN, Gara IW, Nakatani N. Antioxidant activity of tropical ginger extracts and analysis of the contained curcuminoids. J Agric Food Chem 1992;40:1337-40.

Kikuzaki H, Nakatani N. Antioxidant effects of some ginger constituent. J Food Sci 1993;58:1407-10.

Masuda T, Jitoe A, Isobe J, Nakatani N, Yonemori S. Anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory curcumin-related phenolics from rhizome of Curcuma domestica. Phytochem 1993;32:1557-60.

Majeed M, Badmeav V, Shivakumar U, Rajendran R. Curcuminoids: antioxidant phytonutrients. Sabinsa Corporation, NJ, USA; 1995.

Cao H, Sasaki Y, Fushimi H, Komatsu K. Molecular analysis of medicinally-used chinese and japanese curcuma based on 18S rRNA gene and trnK gene sequences. Biol Pharm Bull 2001;24:1389-94.

Sasaki Y, Fushimi H, Cao H, Cai SQ, Komatsu K. Sequence analysis of chinese and japanese curcuma drugs on the 18S rRNA gene and trnK gene and the application of amplification-refractory mutation system analysis for their authenticication. Biol Pharm Bull 2002;25:1593-9.

Cao H, Komatsu K. Molecular identification of six medicinal curcuma plants produced in sichuan: evidence from plastid trnK gene sequences. Yaoxue Xuebao 2003;38:871-5.

Sasaki Y, Fushimi H, Komatsu K. Application of single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis of the trnK gene to the identification of Curcuma plants. Biol Pharm Bull 2004;27:144-6.

Joe B, Vijaykumar M, Lokesh BR. Biological properties of curcumin-cellular and molecular mechanisms of action. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2004;44:97-111.

Deodar SD, Sethi R, Srimal RC. Preliminary study on antirheumatic activity of curcumin (diferuloyl methane). Indian J Med Res 1980;71:632–4.

Natarajan C, Bright JJ. Curcumin inhibits experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by blocking IL-12 signaling through Janus Kinase-STAT pathway in T lymphocytes. J Immunol 2002;169:6506-13.

Lim GP, Chu T, Yang F, Beech W, Frautschy SA, Cole GM. The curry spice curcumin reduces oxidative damage and amyloid pathology in an Alzheimer transgenic mouse. J Neurosci 2001;21(21):8370–7.

Frautschy SA, Hu W, Kim P, Miller SA, Chu T, Harris-White ME, et al. Phenolic anti-inflammatory antioxidant reversal of Abeta-induced cognitive deficits and neuropathology. Neurobiol Aging 2001;22(6):993-1005.

Morikawa T, Matsuda H, Ninomiya K, Yoshikawa M. Medicinal food stuffs. XXIX. Potent protective effects of sesquiterpenes and curcumin from Zedoariae rhizome on liver injury induced by D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide or tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Biol Pharm Bull 2002;25(5):627-31.

Ramprasad C, Sirsi M. Studies on Indian medicinal plants—Curcuma longa on bile secretion. J Sci Ind Res 1956;15:262–5.

Awasthi S, Srivatava SK, Piper JT, Singhal SS, Chaubey M, Awasthi YC. Curcumin protects against 4-hydroxy-2-trans-nonenal-induced cataract formation in rat lenses. Am J Clin Nutr 1996;64(5):761–6.

Purseglove JW, Brown EG, Green CL, Robbins SRJ. Spices. Vol. 2. Chapter 9. Tropical Agriculture Series: Longman, New York; 1981.

Apisariyakul A, Vanittanakom N, Buddhasukh D. Antifungal activity of turmeric oil extracted from Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae). J Ethnopharmacol 1995;49:163-9.

Sasikumar B. Genetic resources of curcuma: diversity, characterization and utilization. Plant Genetics Res 2005;3:230–51.

Singh S, Joshi RK, Nayak S. Identification of elite genotypes of turmeric through agroclimatic zone based evaluation of important drug yielding traits. Ind Crops Prod 2013;43:165–71.

Anandaraja M, Prasatha D, Kandiannana K, Zachariaha TJ, Srinivasana V, Jhab BK, et al. Genotype by environment interaction effects on yield and curcuminin turmeric (Curcuma longa L.). Ind Crops Prod 2014;53:358–64.

Leela NK, Tava A, Shafi PM, Chempakam B. Chemical composition of essential oils of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.). Acta Pharm 2002;52:137–41.

Kuanar A, Mohanty S, Panda M, Nayak S. Essentials oils from leaves of micro propagated turmeric. Curr Sci 2009;96:1166-7.

Singh S, Kuanar A, Mohanty S, Subudhi E, Nayak S. Evaluation of phytomedicinal yield potential and molecular profiling of micropropagated and conventionally grown turmeric (Curcuma longa L.). Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 2011;104:263-9.

ASTA’s analytical methods manual. Fourth ed. Method no 1.09; 1997.

Guenther E. In: Robert E. editors. The Essential Oils. New York: I. Krieger Publ. Co; 1972. p. 361–91.

Adams RP. Identification of essential oil components by gas Chromatography/Mass spectrometry, Allured Publishing Corporation, Carol Stream, Illinois; 2007. p. 4.

Rama Rao M, Rao DVR. Genetic resources of turmeric, advances in horticulture. In: Chadha KL, Rethinam P. Editors. Plantation and spice crops New Delhi: Malhotra Publishing House; 1994.

Al-reza S, Rahman A, Parvin T, Rahman MM, Rahman MS. Chemical composition and antibacterial activities of essential oil and organic extracts of Curcuma aromatica salisb. J Food Saf 2010;31:433–8.

Sharma TR, Singh BM. High frequency in vitro multiplication of disease free Zingiber officinale Rosc. Plant Cell Reports 1997;17:68–72.

Nigam MC, Ahmad A. Curcuma longa terpenoid composition of its essential oil. Indian Perfum 1990;35:255–7.

Gopalam A, Ratnambal MJ. Gas chromatographic evaluation of turmeric essential oils. Indian Perfum 1987;31:245–8.

Oguntimein OB, Weyerstahl P, Marschall-Weyerstahl H. Essential oil of Curcuma longa L. leaves. Flavour Fragrance J 1990;5:89–90.

Mc-Carron M, Mills AJ, Whittaker D, Sunny TP, Verghese J. Comparison of the monoterpenes derived from green leaves and fresh rhizomes of Curcuma longa L. from India. Flavour Fragrance J 1995;10:355–7.

Sharma TR, Singh BM. High frequency in vitro multiplication of disease free Zingiber officinale Rosc. Plant Cell Reports 1997;17:68–72.

Lal J. Turmeric, Curcumin and our life: a review. Bull Environ Pharmacol Life Sci 2012;1(7):11–7.

Published

01-09-2015

How to Cite

Akbar, A., A. Kuanar, I. S. Sandeep, B. Kar, S. Singh, S. Mohanty, J. Patnaik, and S. Nayak. “GC-MS ANALYSIS OF ESSENTIAL OIL OF SOME HIGH DRUG YIELDING GENOTYPES OF TURMERIC (CURCUMA LONGA L.)”. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 7, no. 9, Sept. 2015, pp. 35-40, https://mail.innovareacademics.in/journals/index.php/ijpps/article/view/5906.

Issue

Section

Original Article(s)

Most read articles by the same author(s)