IMMUNOMODULATORY ROLE OF HONEY AND PROPOLIS ON CARBON TETRACHLORIDE (CCl4) INJECTED RATS
Keywords:
Carbon tetrachloride, Cytokines, Nil, Nil, IL-2, Propolis and honey beesAbstract
Objective: To evaluate the role of some inflammatory cytokines in hepatic injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Also, the effects of honey bee and propolis extract to modulate the role of these cytokines.
Methods: Fifty female Wister rats were divided into five groups, 10 per each group. After 6 w of all treatments, rats were sacrificed, whole blood and serum were collected to determine the number of white blood cells (WBCs), percentage of granulocytes, percentage of lymphocytes and the level of some cytokines such as gamma interferon(INF-γ), tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α) and interleukin-2(IL-2).
Results: CCl4 administration resulted in significant increase in the number of WBCs and percentage of granulocytes (P<0.05 and P<0.01 respectively). After treatment with honey and propolis, the number of WBCs was decreased significantly in the case of propolis treatment (P<0.05) compared with CCl4 group. The levels of TNF-α and INF-γ cytokines were significantly decreased (P<0.05) after treatment with honey or propolis compared with CCl4 group. However, there is no significant change in the level of IL-2 after treatment of CCl4 administered rats with honey or propolis.
Conclusion: The present study suggested that honey and propolis can improve the immune disorders induced by CCl4 in rats by modulating the levels of inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, and IFN-γ.
Â
Downloads
References
Hsu YW, Tsai CF, Chuang WC, Chen WK, Ho YC, Lu FJ. Protective effects of silica hydride against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2010;48:1644-53.
Kumar G, Banu GS, Pandian MR. Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of Trianthema portulaca strum L. Indian J Pharmacol 2005;37:331–3.
Khan MR, Ahmed D. Protective effects of Digera muricata (L.) Mart. on testis against oxidative stress of carbon tetrachloride in rat. Food Chem Toxicol 2009;47:1393–9.
Khan MR, Rizvi W, Khan GN, Khan RA, Shaheen S. Carbon tetrachloride induced nephrotoxicity in rat: protective role of Digera muricata. J Ethnopharmacol 2009;122:91–9.
Valko M, Morris H, Cronin MTD. Metals toxicity and oxidative stress. Curr Med Chem 2005;12:1161-208.
Lay-flurrie K. Honey in wound care: effects clinical application and patient benefit. Br J Nursing 2008;17:30–2.
Bogdanov S, Jurendic T, Sieber R, Gallmann P. Honey for nutrition and health: a review. J Am Coll Nutr 2008;27:677–89.
Jeffrey AE, Carlos ME. Medical uses of honey. Rev Biomed 1996;7:43–9.
Allen KL, Molan PC, Reid GM. A survey of the antibacterial activity of some new Zealand honey. J Pharm Pharmacol 1991;43:817–22.
Vela L, De Lorenzo C, P´erez RA. Antioxidant capacity of Spanish honey and its correlation with polyphenol content and other physicochemical properties. J Sci Food Agric 2007;87:1069–75.
Jeddar A, Kharsany A, Ramsaroop UG, Bhamjee A, Haffejee IE, Moosa A. The antibacterial action of honey. An in vitro study. East Afr Med J 1985;67:257–8.
Zeina BI, Zohra S. Al-assad. The effects of honey on leishmania parasites: an in vitro study. Trop Doct 1997;27:36–8.
Greten FR, Eckmann L, Greten TF, Park JM, Li ZW, Egan LJ, et al. IKKb links inflammation and tumorigenesis in a mouse model of colitis-associated cancer. Cell 2004;118:285–96.
L´opez-L´azaro M. Dual role of hydrogen peroxide in cancer: possible relevance to cancer chemoprevention and therapy. Cancer Lett 2007;252:1–8.
Michaluart P, Masferrer JL, Carothers AM, Subbaramaiah K, Zweifel BS, Koboldt C, et al. Inhibitory effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on the activity and expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in human oral epithelial cells and in a rat model of inflammation. Cancer Res 1999;59:2347-52.
Kujumgiev A, Tsvetkova I, Serkedjieva Y, Bankova VS, Christov R, Popov S. Antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activity of propolis of different geographic origin. J Ethnopharmacol 1999;64:235-40.
Hu F, Hepburn HR, Li Y, Chen M, Radloff SE, Daya S. Effects of ethanol and water extracts of propolis (bee glue) on acute inflammatory animal models. J Ethnopharmacol 2005;100:276-83.
Morello S, Vellecco V, Alfieri A, Mascolo N, Cicala C. Vasorelaxant effect of the flavonoid galangin on isolated rat thoracic aorta. Life Sci 2006;78:825-30.
Shimizu K, Ashida H, Matsuura Y, Kanazawa K. Antioxidative bioavailability of artepillin C in Brazilian propolis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2004;424:181-8.
Bataller R, Brenner DA. Liver fibrosis. J Clin Invest 2005;115:209–18.
Murray J, Barbara JA, Dunkley SA, Lopez AF, Van Ostade X, Vandenabeele P, et al. Regulation of neutrophil apoptosis by tumor necrosis factor-alpha: requirement for TNFR55 and TNFR75 for induction of apoptosis in vitro. Blood 1997;90:2772–83.
Smyth MJ, Cretney E, Kershaw MH, Hayakawa Y. Cytokines in cancer immunity and immunotherapy. Immunol 2004;202:275–93.
Billiau A, Matthys P. Interferon-gamma: a historical perspective. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2009;20:97–113.
Kim HP, Imbert J, Leonard WJ. Both integrated and differential regulation of components of the IL-2/IL-2 receptor system. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2006;17:349–66.
Malek TR, Castro I. Interleukin-2 receptor signaling: at the interface between tolerance and immunity. Immunity 2010;33:153–65.
Orsolic N, Terzic S, Sver L, Basic I. Honey-bee products in prevention and/or therapy of murine transplantable tumours. J Sci Food Agric 2005;85:363-70.
Andritoiu CV, Lacramioara O, Vasile A, Marcel P. Effect of Apitherapy formulations against carbon tetrachloride-induced toxicity wistar rats after three weeks of treatment. Molecules 2014;19:13374-91.
Hau DM. Effects of elecroacupuncture on leukocytes and plasma protein in the X-irradiater rats. Am J Chin Med 1984;12:106-14.
Patrick-lwuanyanwu KC, Wegwu MO, Ayalogu EO. Prevention of CCl4 induced liver damage by ginger, garlic and vitamin E. Pak J Biol Sci 2007;10:617-21.
Oluyemi KA, Omotuyi IO, Jimoh OA, Saalu CL, Josiah SJ. Erythropoietic and antiobesity effects of Garcinia cambogia (bitter kola) in Wister rats. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2007;46:69-72.
Schwabe RF, Brenner DA. Mechanisms of liver injury. I. TNF-alpha-induced liver injury: role of IKK, JNK and ROS pathways. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2006;290:583-9.
Wills PJ, Asha VV. Protective mechanism of Lygodium flexuosum extract in treating and preventing carbon tetrachloride induced hepatic fibrosis in rats. Chem Biol Interact 2007;165:76-85.
Zhang BJ, Xu D, Guo Y, Ping J, Chen LB, Wang H. Protection by and anti-oxidant mechanism of berberine against rat liver fibrosis induced by multiple hepatotoxic factors. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2008;35:303-9.
Tripathi S, Maier KG, Bruch D, Kittur DS. Effect of 6-gingerol on pro-inflammatory cytokine production and costimulatory molecule expression in murine peritoneal macrophages. J Surg Res 2007;138:209–13.
Abuharfeil N, Aloran R, Aboshehada M. The effect of bee honey on the proliferation activity of human B-and T-lymphocytes and the 86 activity of phagocytes. Food Agric Immunol 1999;11:169-77.
Grattagliano I, Caraceni P, Calamita G, Ferri D, Gena P, Carreras FI, et al. Severe liver steatosis correlates with nitrosative and oxidative stress in rats. Eur J Clin Invest 2008;38:523–30.
Mohammadzadeh S, Sharriatpanahi M, Hamedi M, Amanzadeh Y, Ebrahimi SE, Ostad SN. Antioxidant power of Iranian propolis extract. Food Chem 2007;103:729–33.
Vynograd N, Vynograd I, Sosnowski Z. A comparative multi-centre study of the efficacy of propolis, acyclovir and placebo in the treatment of genital herpes. Phytomedicine 2000;7:1–6.
Tatli Seven P. The effects of dietary turkish propolis and vitamin C on performance, digestibility, egg production and egg quality in laying hens under different environmental temperatures. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2008;21:1164-70.