EFFECT OF RED ONION (ALLIUM CEPA VAR. AGGREGATUM G. DON) ON SERUM URIC ACID LEVEL AND TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT STATUS IN NORMAL AND INDUCED HYPERURICEMIC RATS

Asmah Rahmat; Choo Yen Leng; Fazleen Izzany Abu Bakar; Mohd Fadzelly Abu Bakar

doi:10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i3.21790

Authors

Asmah Rahmat Department of Technology and Natural Resources, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Hab Pendidikan Tinggi Pagoh, KM 1, Jalan Panchor, 84600 Muar, Johor, Malaysia.
Choo Yen Leng Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Fazleen Izzany Abu Bakar Department of Technology and Natural Resources, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Hab Pendidikan Tinggi Pagoh, KM 1, Jalan Panchor, 84600 Muar, Johor, Malaysia.
Mohd Fadzelly Abu Bakar Department of Technology and Natural Resources, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Hab Pendidikan Tinggi Pagoh, KM 1, Jalan Panchor, 84600 Muar, Johor, Malaysia.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i3.21790

Keywords:

Red onion, Hyperuricemia, Uric acid, Induced hyperuricemic rats, Antioxidant

Abstract

Â Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of onion (Allium cepa var. aggregatum G. Don) on serum uric acid level and total antioxidant status of normal and induced hyperuricemic rats.

Methods: A total of 36 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided equally into six groups, and 250 mg/kg of potassium oxonate was injected intraperitoneally on day 1, 3, and 7 to induce hyperuricemia in rats. 7 d consecutively of treatment were given to the rats by oral gavage. Serum uric acid level was measured 2 h after the induction on day 1, 3, 7, and 14. Blood plasma was obtained at day 14 to measure its total antioxidant status. The rats were sacrificed by taking out their liver and kidney for histopathological evaluation.

Results: The results showed that onion juice lowered the serum uric acid level in dose-dependent manner. The highest dose (10.5 g/kg/day) appeared to possess the inhibitory effect almost similar to allopurinol. There was an increase in total antioxidant status in a hyperuricemic group treated with onion juice compared to control groups but insignificant. By viewing the histological profile, onion showed to have a protective effect toward the liver damage by hyperuricemia. However, this was not happened in kidney.

Conclusion: Onion lowered the serum uric acid level, but its protective effect toward liver and kidney remained ambiguous. Further investigation with the increase of parameters and inclusion of analytical test of bioactive compound in red onion is recommended for the future studies.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Chernecky CC, Murphy-Ende K. Acute Care Oncology Nursing. 2nd ed. St. Louis, Mo: Saunders/Elsevier; 2009.

Perez-Ruiz F. Treating to target: A strategy to cure gout. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2009;48 Suppl 2:ii9-14.

Hollis-Moffatt JE, Gow PJ, Harrison AA, Highton J, Jones PB, Stamp LK, et al. The SLC2A9 nonsynonymous arg265His variant and gout: Evidence for a population-specific effect on severity. Arthritis Res Ther 2011;13:R85.

Mohd A, Gupta Ed, Loh Y, Gandhi C, Dâ€™Souza B, Gun S, et al. Clinical characteristics of gout: A hospital case series. Malays Fam Physician 2011;6:72-3.

Hak AE, Curhan GC, Grodstein F, Choi HK. Menopause, postmenopausal hormone use and risk of incident gout. Ann Rheum Dis 2010;69:1305-9.

Sachs L, Batra KL, Zimmermann B. Medical implications of hyperuricemia. Med Health R I 2009;92:353-5.

Kutzing MK, Firestein BL. Altered uric acid levels and disease states. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2008;324:1-7.

Packia Lekshmi NC, Viveka S, Viswanathan MB, Shobi TM, Jeeva S, Brindha JR. High performance thin layer chromatography profile of quarcetin in three cultivars of Allium cepa and its antimicrobial activity against bacterial cultures. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2015;8:213-8.

Mahfouz MA, Maher AE, Mortada ME, Eman AE, Ezzat EA. Chromatographic isolation of Allium cepa (ssp. Red onion) and its cytotoxic activity against human liver carcinoma cell lines (HEPG2). Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2014;6:108-11.

Willis L. Basic Steps to Godly Fitness: Strengthening Your Body and Soul in Christ. United States of America: Harvest House Publishers; 2005.

Nuutila AM, Puupponen-PimiÃ¤ R, Aarni M, Oksman-Caldentey KM. Comparison of antioxidant activities of onion and garlic extracts by inhibition of lipid peroxidation and radical scavenging activity. Food Chem 2003;81:485-93.

Shon MY, Choi SD, Kahng GG, Nam SH, Sung NJ. Antimutagenic, antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of ethyl acetate extracts from white, yellow and red onions. Food Chem Toxicol 2004;42:659-66.

Haidari F, Rashidi MR, Keshavarz SA, Mahboob SA, Eshraghian MR, Shahi MM, et al. Effects of onion on serum uric acid levels and hepatic xanthine dehydrogenase/xanthine oxidase activities in hyperuricemic rats. Pak J Biol Sci 2008;11:1779-84.

Hall IH, Scoville JP, Reynolds DJ, Simlot R, Duncan P. Substituted cyclic imides as potential anti-gout agents. Life Sci 1990;46:1923-7.

Ding XQ, Pan Y, Wang X, Ma YX, Kong LD. Wuling san ameliorates urate under-excretion and renal dysfunction in hyperuricemic mice. Chin J Nat Med 2013;11:214-21.

Dollah MA, Parhizkar S, Latiff LA, Bin Hassan MH. Toxicity effect of nigella sativa on the liver function of rats. Adv Pharm Bull 2013;3:97-102.

Batts KP, Ludwig J. Chronic hepatitis. An update on terminology and reporting. Am J Surg Pathol 1995;19:1409-17.

Alan S, Lowe JS, Young B. Wheaterâ€™s Basic Histopathology: A Color Atlas and Text. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier; 2002.

Scherrer R. Anti-Inflammatory Agents Part II: Chemistry and Pharmacology. United States of America: Elsevier; 2012.

Haidari F, Rashidi MR, Mohammad-Shahi M. Effects of orange juice and hesperetin on serum paraoxonase activity and lipid profile in hyperuricemic rats. Bioimpacts 2012;2:39-45.

Schwartz IF, Grupper A, Chernichovski T, Grupper A, Hillel O, Engel A, et al. Hyperuricemia attenuates aortic nitric oxide generation, through inhibition of arginine transport, in rats. J Vasc Res 2011;48:252-60.

Kensara OA. Protective effect of vitamin C supplementation on oxonate-induced hyperuricemia and renal injury in rats. Int J Nutr Metab 2013;5:61-8.

Khanna D, Fitzgerald JD, Khanna PP, Bae S, Singh MK, Neogi T, et al. 2012 American college of rheumatology guidelines for management of gout. Part 1: Systematic nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic therapeutic approaches to hyperuricemia. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2012;64:1431-46.

Hu QH, Jiao RQ, Wang X, Lv YZ, Kong LD. Simiao pill ameliorates urate underexcretion and renal dysfunction in hyperuricemic mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2010;128:685-92.

Haidari F, Keshavarz SA, Mohammad Shahi M, Mahboob SA, Rashidi MR. Effects of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) and its flavonol constituents, kaempferol and quercetin, on serum uric acid levels, biomarkers of oxidative stress and liver xanthine oxidoreductase aactivity in Oxonate-induced hyperuricemic rats. Iran J Pharm Res 2011;10:811-9.

Rodrigues AS, PÃ©rez-Gregorio MR, GarcÃa-FalcÃ³n MS, Simal-GÃ¡ndara J, Almeida DP. Effect of meteorological conditions on antioxidant flavonoids in portuguese cultivars of white and red onions. Food Chem 2011;124:303-8.

Hu QH, Zhang X, Wang X, Jiao RQ, Kong LD. Quercetin regulates organic ion transporter and uromodulin expression and improves renal function in hyperuricemic mice. Eur J Nutr 2012;51:593-606.

Choi HK, Gao X, Curhan G. Vitamin C intake and the risk of gout in men: A prospective study. Arch Intern Med 2009;169:502-7.

Purwantiningsih HA, Purwantini I. Anti-hyperuricemic activity of the kepel (Stelechocarpus burahol (Bl.) Hook. F. & Th.) leaves extract and xanthine oxidase inhibitory study. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2010;2:122-7.

George J, Carr E, Davies J, Belch JJ, Struthers A. High-dose allopurinol improves endothelial function by profoundly reducing vascular oxidative stress and not by lowering uric acid. Circulation 2006;114:2508-16.

Feig DI, Soletsky B, Johnson RJ. Effect of allopurinol on blood pressure of adolescents with newly diagnosed essential hypertension: A randomized trial. JAMA 2008;300:924-32.

Lee HY, Ariyasinghe JT, Thirumoorthy T. Allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome: A preventable severe cutaneous adverse reaction? Singapore Med J 2008;49:384-7.

Halevy S, Ghislain PD, Mockenhaupt M, Fagot JP, Bavinck JN, Sidoroff A, et al. Allopurinol is the most common cause of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in Europe and Israel. J Am Acad Dermatol 2008;58:25-32.

Naghavi M, John R, Naguib S, Siadaty MS, Grasu R, Kurian KC, et al. PH heterogeneity of human and rabbit atherosclerotic plaques;a new insight into detection of vulnerable plaque. Atherosclerosis 2002;164:27-35.

Stratil P, Klejdus B, KubÃ¡Åˆ V. Determination of total content of phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activity in vegetables evaluation of spectrophotometric methods. J Agric Food Chem 2006;54:607-16.

Gorinstein S, Park YS, Heo BG, Namiesnik J, Leontowicz H, Leontowicz M, et al. A comparative study of phenolic compounds and antioxidant and antiproliferative activities in frequently consumed raw vegetables. Eur Food Res Technol 2009;228:903-11.

Liu PG, He SQ, Zhang YH, Wu J. Protective effects of apocynin and allopurinol on ischemia/reperfusion-induced liver injury in mice. World J Gastroenterol 2008;14:2832-7.

Petta S, CammÃ C, Cabibi D, Di Marco V, CraxÃ¬ A. Hyperuricemia is associated with histological liver damage in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011;34:757-66.

Aldaba-Muruato LR, Moreno MG, Shibayama M, Tsutsumi V, Muriel P. Protective effects of allopurinol against acute liver damage and cirrhosis induced by carbon tetrachloride: Modulation of NF-ÎºB,

cytokine production and oxidative stress. Biochim Biophys Acta 2012;1820:65-75.

Gorinstein S, Leontowicz H, Leontowicz M, Najman K, Bielecki W, Ham KS, et al. Aorta and liver changes in rats fed cholesterol-containing and raw vegetable-supplemented diets: Experiments in vitro and in vivo. J Agric Food Chem 2011;59:7441-51.

Apines-Amar MJ, Amar EC, Faisan JP Jr. Growth, plasma cortisol, liver and kidney histology, and resistance to vibriosis in brown-marbled grouper, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus fed onion and ginger. AACL Bioflux 2013;6:530-8.

SÃ¡nchez-Lozada LG, Tapia E, SantamarÃa J, Avila-Casado C, Soto V, Nepomuceno T, et al. Mild hyperuricemia induces vasoconstriction and maintains glomerular hypertension in normal and remnant kidney rats. Kidney Int 2005;67:237-47.

Suru SM. Onion and garlic extracts lessen cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Biometals 2008;21:623-33.

Gharadaghi Y, Shojaee S, Khaki A, Hatef A, Ahmadi Ashtiani HR, Rastegar H, et al. Modulating effect of allium cepa on kidney apoptosis caused by toxoplasma Gondii. Adv Pharm Bull 2012;2:1-6.