TO STUDY TYPES OF PRESENILE CATARACT AND ITS RISK FACTORS AT A TERTIARY HEALTH CARE CENTRE IN EAST BIHAR

RAJEETA BASUR; REENA KUMARI; DINESH KUMAR BHAGAT

doi:10.22159/ajpcr.2024v17i10.51577

Authors

RAJEETA BASUR Department of Ophthalmology, Mata Gujri Memorial Medical College and LSK Hospital, Kishanganj, Bihar, India
REENA KUMARI Department of Ophthalmology, Mata Gujri Memorial Medical College and LSK Hospital, Kishanganj, Bihar, India
DINESH KUMAR BHAGAT Department of Ophthalmology, Mata Gujri Memorial Medical College and LSK Hospital, Kishanganj, Bihar, India.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2024v17i10.51577

Keywords:

Presenile cataract, Risk factors of cataract, Prevalence

Abstract

Objectives: A cataract is defined as opacity within the clear lens inside the eye that reduces the amount of incoming light and results in deterioration of vision. Cataract is considered as one of the most common causes of visual defect or impairment in the world. According to the World Health Organization, cataract is the leading cause of blindness all over the world, responsible for 47.8% of blindness and accounting for 17.7 million blind people. In India, the major cause of blindness is cataracts, which accounts for 62.6%. However, detailed epidemiological data on types of presenile cataracts and its risk factors, especially in regions, such as Eastern Bihar, are sparse. (1) To determine the proportion of different types of presenile cataracts and (2) Risk factors associated with the occurrence of presenile cataracts.

Methods: Patients in the age group of 20–50 years attending the tertiary Health care center out-patient clinic of the Ophthalmology Department who were found to have presenile cataracts were to be recruited as cases. Those who gave consent to participate in the study were interviewed and underwent a complete ocular examination.

Results: The thesis presents a detailed analysis of cataract types and their distribution among 165 cases based on various demographic, occupational, and clinical factors. The most prevalent cataract type was nuclear sclerosis plus posterior subcapsular cataract (30.3%), followed by mature cataract and posterior subcapsular cataract (both 15.2%). Alcohol consumption (12.7%) and smoking (11.5%) were the most prevalent risk factors.

Conclusion: This comprehensive study on cataract epidemiology revealed nuclear sclerosis plus posterior subcapsular cataract as the most prevalent type, with a higher incidence among older adults, females, individuals from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, and those with occupations involving prolonged sun exposure, such as farming and housework.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Gupta S, Gupta A, Nehal M, Pandey K, Kreesna A, Shakir T, et al. Cataract and its risk factor among adults residing in South Bihar, India. Int J Res Med Sci. 2020;8(7):2618-21. doi: 10.18203/2320-6012. ijrms20202905

Forsius H, Arentz-Grastvedt B, Eriksson AW. Juvenile cataract with autosomal recessive inheritance. A study from the Aland Islands, Finland. Acta Ophthalmol. 1992;70(1):26-32. doi: 10.1111/j.1755- 3768.1992.tb02088.x, PMID 1557971

Francis PJ, Berry V, Bhattacharya SS, Moore AT. The genetics of childhood cataract. J Med Genet. 2000;37(7):481-8. doi: 10.1136/ jmg.37.7.481, PMID 10882749

Tsai CK, Teng MC, Wu PC, Kuo HK. Clinical features of patients featuring cataracts in a myopia-endemic area of Taiwan. Chang Gung Med J. 2006;29(4):406-11. PMID 17051839

Al Samarrai AR, Noor Sunba MS, Ul Hassan M. The incidence of unknown diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in idiopathic presenile cataract. Dev Ophthalmol. 1989;17:79-81. doi: 10.1159/000417005, PMID 2792537

Gopalakrishna K, Rao PN, Nayak BR, Pattabiraman TN. Nonenzymatic glucosylation of lens proteins in different types of cataracts. Indian J Med Res. 1983;78:426-30. PMID 6674163

Pande A, Garner WH, Spector A. Glucosylation of human lens protein and cataractogenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1979;89(4):1260-6. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(79)92144-2, PMID 496956

Mitry D, Singh J, Kiire CA, Hegde V. Atopic dermatitis, facial trauma, and cataract surgery. Can J Ophthalmol. 2009;44(6):716. doi: 10.3129/ i09-159, PMID 20029499

Kuwabara T, Fukushima T, Makino K, Kondo H. Epileptic seizure, cataract, and tongue atrophy during the 8 years after electrical brain injury. Intern Med. 2009;48(13):1179-82. doi: 10.2169/ internalmedicine.48.2008, PMID 19571455

Singh D, Tangirala R, Bakthisaran R, Chintalagiri MR. Synergistic effects of metal ion and the presenile cataractcausing G98R alphaA-crystallin: Self-aggregation propensities and chaperone activity. Mol Vis. 2009;15:2050-60. PMID 19862354

Pokhrel AK, Smith KR, Khalakdina A, Deuja A, Bates MN. Case control study of indoor cooking smoke exposure and cataract in Nepal and India. Int J Epidemiol. 2005;34(3):702-8. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyi015, PMID 15737974

Javitt JC, Wang F, West SK. Blindness due to cataract: Epidemiology and prevention. Annu Rev Public Health. 1996;17:159-77. doi: 10.1146/ annurev.pu.17.050196.001111, PMID 8724222

Wu R, Wang JJ, Mitchell P, Lamoureux EL, Zheng Y, Rochtchina E, et al. Smoking, socioeconomic factors, and agerelated cataract: The Singapore Malay eye study. Arch Ophthalmol. 2010;128:1029-35.

Kanthan GL, Mitchell P, Burlutsky G, Wang JJ. Alcohol consumption and the long-term incidence of cataract and cataract surgery: The blue mountains eye study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2010;150:434-40.

Pendergrass W, Zitnik G, Tsai R, Wolf N. X-ray induced cataract is preceded by LEC loss, and coincident with accumulation of cortical DNA, and ROS; similarities with age-related cataracts. Mol Vis. 2010;16:1496-513.

Das GK, Boriwal K, Chhabra P, Sahu PK, Kumar S, Kumar N. Presenile cataract and its risk factors: A case control study. J Family Med Prim Care. 2019;8:2120-3.