KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICE REGARDING DIABETIC RETINOPATHY IN A TERTIARY HEALTH CARE CENTRE AMONG DIABETIC POPULATION IN THE FRONTIER REGION OF BIHAR

BHUPINDERJEET SINGH; REENA KUMARI; DINESH KUMAR BHAGAT

doi:10.22159/ajpcr.2024v17i11.53041

Authors

BHUPINDERJEET SINGH Department of Ophthalmology, Mata Gujri Memorial Medical College and LSK Hospital, Kishanganj, Bihar, India
REENA KUMARI Department of Ophthalmology, Mata Gujri Memorial Medical College and LSK Hospital, Kishanganj, Bihar, India
DINESH KUMAR BHAGAT Department of Ophthalmology, Mata Gujri Memorial Medical College and LSK Hospital, Kishanganj, Bihar, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2024v17i11.53041

Keywords:

Diabetes mellitus, Diabetic retinopathy, Regular, Tertiary health care, Diabetes awareness, Knowledge, Attitude, and practice

Abstract

Objectives: The objective of the study was to determine the association between knowledge, attitude, and practice and to identify barriers to compliance with follow-up and treatment regimes.

Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology, M.G.M. Medical College and L.S.K. Hospital, Kishanganj, Bihar. It was a cross-sectional study. One hundred and thirty patients were enrolled for the study. Knowledge, attitude, and practice questionnaire consisting of 22 questions was formulated [1]. For fundus examination direct ophthalmoscope, indirect ophthalmoscope, slit lamp with 90D lens, and optical coherence tomography were used.

Results: In the assessment of knowledge and attitude, 56.92% of participants exhibited good knowledge and a positive attitude, while 43.08% had poor knowledge and a negative attitude regarding diabetic retinopathy (DR). Regarding practice, 43.08% demonstrated good practice, whereas 56.92% showed poor practice. Correlation between knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding DR. Among individuals with good knowledge and positive attitudes, 48 had good practice, while 26 had poor practice. Among individuals with poor knowledge and negative attitudes, eight had good practice, while 48 had poor practice. The statistical analysis reveals a significant correlation between knowledge and practice (Chi-square=33.2572, p<0.0001).

Conclusion: A significant correlation between knowledge of diabetes and practice regarding DR is noted. Individuals with better knowledge tend to exhibit better practices related to DR screening and management. There is a notable association between knowledge of DR, attitude toward the condition, and practice regarding DR. Individuals with better knowledge generally tend to have a more positive attitude and thus exhibit better practices toward diabetes and DR management and care.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Nentwich MM, Ulbig MW. Diabetic retinopathy-ocular complications of diabetes mellitus. World J Diabetes. 2015;6:489-99.

Huang DD, Shi G, Jiang Y, Yao C, Zhu C. A review on the potential of resveratrol in prevention and therapy of diabetes and diabetic complications. Biomed Pharmacother. 2020;125:109767. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109767, PMID 32058210

Teo ZL, Tham YC, Yu M, Chee ML, Rim TH, Cheung N, et al. Global prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and projection of burden through 2045: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Ophthalmology. 2021;128(11):1580-91. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2021.04.027, PMID 33940045

Alhowaish AK. Economic costs of diabetes in Saudi Arabia. J Family Community. Med. 2013;20:1-7.

Raman R, Vasconcelos JC, Rajalakshmi R, Prevost AT, Ramasamy K, Mohan V, et al. Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in India stratified by known and undiagnosed diabetes, urban-rural locations, and socioeconomic indices: Results from the SMART India population-based cross-sectional screening study. Lancet Glob Health. 2022;10(12):e1764-73.

Kumar A, Vashist P. Indian community eye care in 2020: Achievements and challenges. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2020;68(2):291-3. doi: 10.4103/ ijo.IJO_2381_19, PMID 31957710

Das T, Murthy GV, Pant HB, Gilbert C, Rajalakshmi R, Behera UC. Regional variation in diabetic retinopathy and associated factors in spectrum of eye disease in diabetes (SPEED) study in India-report 5. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2021;69(11):3095-101. doi: 10.4103/ijo. IJO_3620_20, PMID 34708748

Srinivasan NK, John D, Rebekah G, Kujur ES, Paul P, John SS. Diabetes and diabetic retinopathy: Knowledge, attitude, practice (KAP) among diabetic patients in A tertiary eye Care Centre. J Clin Diagn Res. 2017;11(7):NC01-7. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2017/27027.10174, PMID 28892947

Agarwal D, Kumar A, Kumar A. Commentary: Understanding diabetic retinopathy trends in India: Lessons learnt and future implications. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2021;69(11):3101-2. doi: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_757_21, PMID 34708749

Yau JW, Rogers SL, Kawasaki R, Lamoureux EL, Kowalski JW, Bek T, et al. Global prevalence and major risk factors of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Care. 2012;35(3):556-64. doi: 10.2337/ dc11-1909, PMID 22301125

Rani PK, Raman R, Subramani S, Perumal G, Kumaramanickavel G, Sharma T. Knowledge of diabetes and diabetic retinopathy among rural populations in India, and the influence of knowledge of diabetic retinopathy on attitude and practice. Rural Remote Health. 2008;8(3):838. doi: 10.22605/RRH838, PMID 18656993

Shah K, Gandhi A, Natarajan S. Diabetic retinopathy awareness and associations with multiple comorbidities: Insights from DIAMOND study. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2018;22(1):30-5. doi: 10.4103/ijem. IJEM_240_17, PMID 29535933

Sen A, Pathak P, Shenoy P, Kohli GM, Bhatia P, Shetty S. Knowledge, attitude, and practice patterns and the purported reasons for delayed presentation of patients with sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy at a tertiary eyecare facility in Central India: A questionnaire-based study. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2021;69(11):3118-22. doi: 10.4103/ijo. IJO_1503_21, PMID 34708752

Mathur P, Leburu S, Kulothungan V. Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of diabetes in India from the countrywide national NCD monitoring survey. Front Public Health. 2022 Mar 14;10:748157. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.748157, PMID 35359772

Hussain R, Rajesh B, Giridhar A, Gopalakrishnan M, Sadasivan S, James J, et al. Knowledge and awareness about diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy in suburban population of a south Indian state and its practice among the patients with diabetes mellitus: A population-based study. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2016;64(4):272-76. doi: 10.4103/0301-4738.182937, PMID 27221678

Koshy J, Varghese DL, Mathew T, Kaur G, Thomas S, Bhatti SM. Study on KAP of ocular complications due to diabetes among type II diabetics visiting a tertiary teaching hospital. Indian J Community Health. 2012;24:27-31.

Dandona R, Dandona L, John RK, McCarty CA, Rao GN. Awareness of eye diseases in an urban population in southern India. Bull World Health Organ. 2001;79(2):96-102. PMID 11242828

Babu N, Kim RB, Tiwari S. Diabetes and diabetic retinopathy: Knowledge, attitude, practice (KAP) among paramedical personnel (PMPS) and community members (CMS) in Southern India. In: AIOC Proceedings; 2009. p. 150-53.

Pardhan S, Raman R, Biswas A, Jaisankar D, Ahluwalia S, Sapkota R. Knowledge, atti-tude, and practice of diabetes in patients with and without sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy from two secondary eye care centres in India. BMC Public Health. 2024 Jan 2;24(1):55. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-17371-3, PMID 38167028