QUALITATIVE PHTOCHEMISTRY PROFILE OF WATERMELON (CITRULLUS VULGARIS SCHRAD) RIND EXTRACTS WITH DIFFERENT SOLVENTS

Authors

  • Angeline CHRISTIE Hannah m
  • KRISHNAKUMARI s

Abstract

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Citrullus vulgaris Schrad. is known to contain bioactive compounds such as cucurbitacin, triterpenes, sterols and alkaloids, vitamins,
minerals and has also proved to contain antioxidant and therapeutic properties.
Objectives: The study focus to elucidate on the percentage of extractive yield and to screen the watermelon rind extracts using various solvents and
hot aqueous extract for its phytochemical profile.
Methods: The solvents used were methanol, ethanol, chloroform, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, acetone and hot aqueous extracts. The rind samples
were shade dried and powdered. It was then subjected to soxhlet extraction using the different solvents and pressurized hot water extraction. The
obtained extracts were concentrated and screened for preliminary phytoconstituents using standard laboratory protocols.
Results: The rind extracts with different solvents and pressurized hot water extract showed different yield percentages and on analysis, hot aqueous
extract was found to have the highest extractive yield. The preliminary screening of the rind extracts with different solvents and pressurized hot water
extract were tabulated and showed the presence and/or absence of various bioactive constituents including the primary and secondary metabolites.
Conclusion: Thus, the phytochemical constituents such as the primary metabolites and the secondary metabolites and various other bioactive
elements that are identifies are thought to be responsible for its antioxidant and therapeutic properties.
Keywords: Citrullus vulgaris Schrad., Metabolites, Phytoconstituents, Soxhlet extraction, Yield percentage, Watermelon rind.

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References

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Table 1: Phytochemical screening of watermelon (C. vulgaris Schrad.) rind extracts

S. no

Parameters

Test

Methanol extract

Ethanol extract

Chloroform extract

Petroleum ether extract

Ethyl acetate extract

Acetone extract

Hot aqueous extract

Carbohydrates

Benedict’s test

+++

++

+

+

++

+

+++

Molisch’s test

++

+

−

++

+

++

++

Protein and amino acids

Biuret

++

+

−

+

−

++

+++

Ninhydrin

+++

++

−

−

−

+

+++

Xanthoproteic test

++

++

−

−

+

+

++

Fatty acids

Spot test

+++

++

++

−

++

+

+

Fixed oils

Spot test

+++

++

++

−

++

+

+

Volatile oils

Smell test

++

+++

+++

++

+

+

−

Sterols

Salkowski test

+++

+++

+++

+++

+++

++

++

Steroids

Liebermann‑Burchard test

−

−

++

++

+

+

+

Alkaloids

Meyer’s test

++

++

−

+

++

++

++

Hager’s test

++

++

++

++

+

+

++

Flavonoids

Lead acetate test

++

++

+

−

+

+

+++

Shinoda test

+++

+

+

+

+

++

++

Saponins

Foam test

+

+

−

−

+

−

++

Froth test

++

++

+

+

++

++

++

Tannins

Lead acetate test

++

++

+

−

+

+

+++

Gelatin test

+

++

−

−

+

−

+++

Phenols

Lead acetate test

++

++

+

−

+

+

+++

Ferric chloride test

+++

++

++

++

+

++

+++

Anthraquinone

Borntrager’s test

−

−

−

+

−

+

−

Hydrochloric acid test

+

−

−

−

−

+

++

Acids

Sodium bicarbonate test

+

+

−

−

+

−

++

Thiols

Sodium nitroprusside test

+

−

+

+

++

+

+

Terpenoids

Salkowski test

+++

+++

+++

+++

+++

++

++

Triterpenoids

Libermann‑Burchard test

−

−

++

++

+

+

+

Coumarins

Sodium hydroxide test

++

++

−

−

++

+++

++

Resins

Turbidity test

−

+

−

−

−

+

+++

Quinones

Sulfuric acid test

+++

+++

−

+

++

++

+++

Oxalate

Acetic acid test

−

+++

−

+++

+++

+

Anthocyanin

Hydrochloric acid test

+

−

−

−

+

+

Anthrax resinoids

Borntrager’s test

++

+

−

−

+++

++

Emodins

Ammonium hydroxide test

++

−

−

−

−

++

Chalcones

Ammonium hydroxide test

++

−

−

−

−

++

Anthocyanoside

Sodium hydroxide test

++

++

−

++

+++

+

Phlobatannins

Ammonia test

+

−

−

−

+

+

Hydrochloric acid test

++

−

−

−

−

++

Gum and mucilages

Swelling test

+

++

+

++

+

+++

Glycosides

Modified borntrager’s test

++

++

−

++

+++

++

Cardiac glycosides

Keller Killiani test

++

++

−

++

+++

++

Legal’s test

+

−

+

++

+

+

+: Trace, ++: Plenty, +++: Abundance, −: Absence, C. vulgaris: Citrullus vulgaris

Table 2: Extractive yield percentage of C. vulgaris Schrad. rind extracts

S. no

Extracts

Yield percentage (w/w)

Methanol extract

5

Ethanol extract

5

Chloroform extract

9

Petroleum ether extract

1

Ethyl acetate extract

9

Acetone extract

1

Hot aqueous extract

8

C. vulgaris: Citrullus vulgaris

Asian J Pharm Clin Res, Vol 8, Issue 4, 2015, 62-65

Hannah and Krishnakumari

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Published

01-07-2015

How to Cite

Hannah m, A. C., and K. . s. “QUALITATIVE PHTOCHEMISTRY PROFILE OF WATERMELON (CITRULLUS VULGARIS SCHRAD) RIND EXTRACTS WITH DIFFERENT SOLVENTS”. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, vol. 8, no. 4, July 2015, pp. 62-65, https://mail.innovareacademics.in/journals/index.php/ajpcr/article/view/5236.

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