ETHANOL RECOVERY FROM PROPOLIS PRODUCTION WASTE USING ADSORPTION DISTILLATION METHOD
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2021.v13s2.03Keywords:
Adsorption distillation, Ethanol, Silica gel, and zeoliteAbstract
Objective: This study objective to compare two adsorbents in the ability to recover ethanol in the propolis production by-product.
Methods: Research methods include initial identification of the compound content in ethanol by-products of propolis production with GC/MS and determination of ethanol levels by GC-FID. The process of increasing ethanol content is carried out by the adsorption distillation method; the adsorbent used are synthetic zeolite 3A and white silica gel which has activated with the furnace.
Results: The result obtained from the study is the initial ethanol content 27.5%. After the ethanol recycle process using synthetic zeolite 3A 30, 60, and 90 grams, it was obtained content 82.3%, 87.1%, and 90.9%. By using 30, 60, and 90 grams silica gel, it was obtained content 72.0%, 79.2%, and 82.2%.
Conclusion: Based on these results it can be concluded that the ethanol content of the by-products of propolis production has been successfully increased by the distillation adsorption method with synthetic zeolite 3A 90 grams as the best result. The ethanol which recycling with this formulation has the characteristic odor of ethanol, which is very strong and does not has the characteristic odor of propolis.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
1. Bankova V. Chemical diversity of propolis and the problem of standardization. J Ethnopharmacol 2005;100:114–7.
2. Bankova V, Castro S, Marcucci M. Propolis?: recent advances in chemistry and plant origin. Apidologie 2000;31:3–15.
3. Simone M, Spivak M. Propolis and bee health: the natural history and significance of resin use by honey bees. Apidologie 2010;41:295–311.
4. Huang S, Zhang C, Wang K, Li G, Hu F. Recent advances in the chemical composition of propolis. Molecules 2014;19:19610–32.
5. Mahadewi A, Christina D, Hermansyah H, Wijanarko A, Farida S, Adawiyah R. Selection of discrimination marker from various propolis for mapping and identify anti-Candida albicans activity. AIP Conf Proc 2018;1933:020005.
6. Pratami DK, Munim A, Hermansyah H, Gozan M, Sahlan M. Microencapsulation optimization of propolis ethanolic extract from Tetragonula Spp using response surface methodology. Int J Appl Pharm 2020;12:197-206.
7. Miyata R, Sahlan M, Ishikawa Y, Hashimoto H, Honda S, Kumazawa S. Propolis components from Stingless bees collected on South Sulawesi, Indonesia, and their xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity. J Nat Prod 2019;82:205–10.
8. Sahlan M, Mandala D, Pratami D, Adawiyah R, Wijarnako A, Lischer K. Exploration of the antifungal potential of Indonesian propolis from Tetragonula biroi bee on Candida sp and Cryptococcus neoformans. Evergr J 2020;7:118–25.
9. Rahmi S, Sarwono A, Soekanto S. Effect of propolis honey candy consumption on the activity of lactoperoxidase in stimulated saliva. Int J Appl Pharm 2019;11:134–6.
10. Iqbal M, Fan T, Watson D, Alenezi S, Saleh K, Sahlan M. Preliminary studies: the potential anti-angiogenic activities of two Sulawesi Island (Indonesia) propolis and their chemical characterization. Heliyon 2019;5:e01978.
11. Farida S, Sahlan M, Rohmatin E, Adawiyah R. The beneficial effect of Indonesian propolis wax from Tetragonula sp. as a therapy in limited vaginal candidiasis patients. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020;27:142-6.
12. Pratami D, Mun A, Sundowo A, Sahlan M. Phytochemical profile and antioxidant activity of propolis ethanolic extract from Tetragonula bee. Pharmacogn J 2018;10:73–80.
13. Sahlan M, Devina A, Pratami D, Situmorang H, Farida S, Munim A. Anti-inflammatory activity of Tetragronula species from Indonesia. Saudi J Biol Sci 2018;26:1531–8.
14. Sulaiman G, Sammarrae K Al, Ad’hiah A, Zucchetti M, Frapolli R, Bello E. Chemical characterization of Iraqi propolis samples and assessing their antioxidant potentials. Food Chem Toxicol 2011;49:2415–21.
15. Sforcin J, Bankova V. Propolis: is there a potential for the development of new drugs? J Ethnopharmacol 2011;133:253–60.
16. Gonzalez M, Guzman B, Rudky R, Romano E, Molina M. Spectrophotometric determination of phenolic compounds in propolis argentine. Lat Am J Pharm 2003;22:243–6.
17. Sahlan M, Akhmariadi A, Pratama D, Hermansyah H, Wijanarko A. Scale-up production Indonesia liquid propolis from raw propolis and wild beehive using bubbling vacuum evaporator. MATEC Web Conf 2018;248:04001.
18. Tadayon F, Motiee F, Erfani A, Baghbani B. Design of adsorptive distillation for separation of an ethanol-water azeotropic mixture using bio-based adsorbents. Stud UBB Chem 2014;59:65–74.
19. Kumar S, Singh N, Prasad R. Anhydrous ethanol: a renewable. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 2010;14:1830–44.
20. Mujiburohman M, Sediawan W, Sulistyo H. A preliminary study: distillation of isopropanol-water mixture using fixed adsorptive distillation method. Sep Purif Technol 2006;48:85–92.
21. Chen W, Sheng C. Designing and constructing an optimization operating model for a bioetanol production system. Life Sci J 2013;10:2.
22. Silviana A. Pengambilan air dari sistem isopropil alkohol-air dengan adsorptive-distillation menggunakan zeolit alam dan gel silika. Reaktor 2008;12:29–32.
23. Al-Asheh S, Banat F, Al-Lagtah N. Separation of ethanol water mixture using molecular sieves and biobased adsorbents. Chem Eng Res Des 2004;82:855–64.
24. Megawati, Jannah RA, Rahayuningtiyas I. The influence of white and blue silica gels as adsorbents in adsorptive-distillation of ethanol-water mixture. AIP Conf Proc 2017;1788:30114
25. Dos Santos Costa CL, Ramos DP, da Silva JB. Multivariate optimization and validation of a procedure to direct determine acetonitrile and ethanol in radiopharmaceuticals by GC-FID. Microchem J 2019;147:654–9.
26. Del Mar Contreras M, Aparicio L, Arce L. Usefulness of GC-IMS for rapid quantitative analysis without sample treatment: Focus on ethanol, one of the potential classification markers of olive oils. LWT 2020;120:108897.
27. Nur H. Direct synthesis of NaA zeolite from rice husk and carbonaceous rice husk ash. Indones J Agric Sci 2001;1:40–5.
28. Abdulrazzaq H, Schwartz T. Catalytic conversion of ethanol to commodity and specialty chemicals. In: Basile A, Iulianelli A, Dalena F, Veziroglu TN. editors. Ethanol: Science and Engineering. 1st ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier BV; 2019. p. 3–24.
29. Sun J, Wang Y. Recent advances in catalytic conversion of ethanol to chemicals. ACS Catal 2014;4:1078–90.
30. Wagner F. Acetic acid. Kirk-Othmer Encycl Chem Technol; 2000. p. 1–21.
31. Taufany F, Soewarno N, Yuwono K, Ardiyanta D, Eliana M, Raisa I, et al. Feed plate and feed adsorbent temperature optimisation of the distillationo-adsorption process to produce absolute ethanol. Can Cent Sci Ed 2015;9:140–7.
32. Zhang Z, Zhang W, Chen X, Xia Q, Li Z. Adsorption of CO2 on zeolite 13X and activated carbon with the higher surface area. Sep Sci Technol 2010;45:710–9.
33. Stadie NP, Vajo JJ, Cumberland RW, Wilson AA, Ahn CC, Fultz B. Zeolite-templated carbon materials for high-pressure hydrogen storage. Langmuir 2012;28:10057–63.
34. Chua HT, Ng KC, Chakraborty A, Oo NM, Othman MA. Adsorption characteristics of silica gel+water systems. J Chem Eng Data 2002;47:1177–81.
2. Bankova V, Castro S, Marcucci M. Propolis?: recent advances in chemistry and plant origin. Apidologie 2000;31:3–15.
3. Simone M, Spivak M. Propolis and bee health: the natural history and significance of resin use by honey bees. Apidologie 2010;41:295–311.
4. Huang S, Zhang C, Wang K, Li G, Hu F. Recent advances in the chemical composition of propolis. Molecules 2014;19:19610–32.
5. Mahadewi A, Christina D, Hermansyah H, Wijanarko A, Farida S, Adawiyah R. Selection of discrimination marker from various propolis for mapping and identify anti-Candida albicans activity. AIP Conf Proc 2018;1933:020005.
6. Pratami DK, Munim A, Hermansyah H, Gozan M, Sahlan M. Microencapsulation optimization of propolis ethanolic extract from Tetragonula Spp using response surface methodology. Int J Appl Pharm 2020;12:197-206.
7. Miyata R, Sahlan M, Ishikawa Y, Hashimoto H, Honda S, Kumazawa S. Propolis components from Stingless bees collected on South Sulawesi, Indonesia, and their xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity. J Nat Prod 2019;82:205–10.
8. Sahlan M, Mandala D, Pratami D, Adawiyah R, Wijarnako A, Lischer K. Exploration of the antifungal potential of Indonesian propolis from Tetragonula biroi bee on Candida sp and Cryptococcus neoformans. Evergr J 2020;7:118–25.
9. Rahmi S, Sarwono A, Soekanto S. Effect of propolis honey candy consumption on the activity of lactoperoxidase in stimulated saliva. Int J Appl Pharm 2019;11:134–6.
10. Iqbal M, Fan T, Watson D, Alenezi S, Saleh K, Sahlan M. Preliminary studies: the potential anti-angiogenic activities of two Sulawesi Island (Indonesia) propolis and their chemical characterization. Heliyon 2019;5:e01978.
11. Farida S, Sahlan M, Rohmatin E, Adawiyah R. The beneficial effect of Indonesian propolis wax from Tetragonula sp. as a therapy in limited vaginal candidiasis patients. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020;27:142-6.
12. Pratami D, Mun A, Sundowo A, Sahlan M. Phytochemical profile and antioxidant activity of propolis ethanolic extract from Tetragonula bee. Pharmacogn J 2018;10:73–80.
13. Sahlan M, Devina A, Pratami D, Situmorang H, Farida S, Munim A. Anti-inflammatory activity of Tetragronula species from Indonesia. Saudi J Biol Sci 2018;26:1531–8.
14. Sulaiman G, Sammarrae K Al, Ad’hiah A, Zucchetti M, Frapolli R, Bello E. Chemical characterization of Iraqi propolis samples and assessing their antioxidant potentials. Food Chem Toxicol 2011;49:2415–21.
15. Sforcin J, Bankova V. Propolis: is there a potential for the development of new drugs? J Ethnopharmacol 2011;133:253–60.
16. Gonzalez M, Guzman B, Rudky R, Romano E, Molina M. Spectrophotometric determination of phenolic compounds in propolis argentine. Lat Am J Pharm 2003;22:243–6.
17. Sahlan M, Akhmariadi A, Pratama D, Hermansyah H, Wijanarko A. Scale-up production Indonesia liquid propolis from raw propolis and wild beehive using bubbling vacuum evaporator. MATEC Web Conf 2018;248:04001.
18. Tadayon F, Motiee F, Erfani A, Baghbani B. Design of adsorptive distillation for separation of an ethanol-water azeotropic mixture using bio-based adsorbents. Stud UBB Chem 2014;59:65–74.
19. Kumar S, Singh N, Prasad R. Anhydrous ethanol: a renewable. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 2010;14:1830–44.
20. Mujiburohman M, Sediawan W, Sulistyo H. A preliminary study: distillation of isopropanol-water mixture using fixed adsorptive distillation method. Sep Purif Technol 2006;48:85–92.
21. Chen W, Sheng C. Designing and constructing an optimization operating model for a bioetanol production system. Life Sci J 2013;10:2.
22. Silviana A. Pengambilan air dari sistem isopropil alkohol-air dengan adsorptive-distillation menggunakan zeolit alam dan gel silika. Reaktor 2008;12:29–32.
23. Al-Asheh S, Banat F, Al-Lagtah N. Separation of ethanol water mixture using molecular sieves and biobased adsorbents. Chem Eng Res Des 2004;82:855–64.
24. Megawati, Jannah RA, Rahayuningtiyas I. The influence of white and blue silica gels as adsorbents in adsorptive-distillation of ethanol-water mixture. AIP Conf Proc 2017;1788:30114
25. Dos Santos Costa CL, Ramos DP, da Silva JB. Multivariate optimization and validation of a procedure to direct determine acetonitrile and ethanol in radiopharmaceuticals by GC-FID. Microchem J 2019;147:654–9.
26. Del Mar Contreras M, Aparicio L, Arce L. Usefulness of GC-IMS for rapid quantitative analysis without sample treatment: Focus on ethanol, one of the potential classification markers of olive oils. LWT 2020;120:108897.
27. Nur H. Direct synthesis of NaA zeolite from rice husk and carbonaceous rice husk ash. Indones J Agric Sci 2001;1:40–5.
28. Abdulrazzaq H, Schwartz T. Catalytic conversion of ethanol to commodity and specialty chemicals. In: Basile A, Iulianelli A, Dalena F, Veziroglu TN. editors. Ethanol: Science and Engineering. 1st ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier BV; 2019. p. 3–24.
29. Sun J, Wang Y. Recent advances in catalytic conversion of ethanol to chemicals. ACS Catal 2014;4:1078–90.
30. Wagner F. Acetic acid. Kirk-Othmer Encycl Chem Technol; 2000. p. 1–21.
31. Taufany F, Soewarno N, Yuwono K, Ardiyanta D, Eliana M, Raisa I, et al. Feed plate and feed adsorbent temperature optimisation of the distillationo-adsorption process to produce absolute ethanol. Can Cent Sci Ed 2015;9:140–7.
32. Zhang Z, Zhang W, Chen X, Xia Q, Li Z. Adsorption of CO2 on zeolite 13X and activated carbon with the higher surface area. Sep Sci Technol 2010;45:710–9.
33. Stadie NP, Vajo JJ, Cumberland RW, Wilson AA, Ahn CC, Fultz B. Zeolite-templated carbon materials for high-pressure hydrogen storage. Langmuir 2012;28:10057–63.
34. Chua HT, Ng KC, Chakraborty A, Oo NM, Othman MA. Adsorption characteristics of silica gel+water systems. J Chem Eng Data 2002;47:1177–81.
Published
10-02-2021
How to Cite
SAHLAN, M., YULISTIONO, L., SASONGKO, A., KHAYRANI, A. C., LISCHER, K., & PRATAMI, D. K. (2021). ETHANOL RECOVERY FROM PROPOLIS PRODUCTION WASTE USING ADSORPTION DISTILLATION METHOD. International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, 13(2), 13–17. https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2021.v13s2.03
Issue
Section
Original Article(s)
