UNRIPE FRUIT OF RUBUS FRAXINIFOLIUS AS A POTENTIAL SOURCE OF ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIELASTASE AGENT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2021.v13s2.15Keywords:
Raspberry, Nutricosmetics, Anti-wrinkle, DPPH, Soxhlet extractionAbstract
Objective: This research aimed to examine the anti-oxidant activity, antielastase activity, and the content of total phenolic and total flavonoid of R. fraxinifolius unripe fruit.
Methods: The dried unripe fruit was extracted using Soxhlet apparatus with sequence solvent: n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Each extract was determined the anti-oxidant and antielastase activity, total phenolic, and total flavonoid content.
Result: The result showed the extracts (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol) gave anti-oxidant IC50>200; 186.84; and 19.74 ppm, and the ability of elastase inhibition was 6.84+0.9%; 52.23+7.1%; and 57.81+5.5% at 100 ppm, respectively. The methanolic extract contained phenolic 202.2 mg GAE/g extract and flavonoid 43.89 mg QE/g extract.
Conclusion: R. fraxinifolius unripe fruit has shown potential as a DPPH (α, α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenger and anti-elastase. This study provides an excellent effect to underline the importance of R. fraxinifolius unripe fruit, and it can be developed as nutricosmetics, nutraceuticals, or herbal anti-wrinkle cosmetics.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
1. Jin YJ, Pyo YH. Effect of monascus-fermented soybean extracts on anti-oxidant and skin aging-related enzymes inhibitory activities. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2017;22:376–80.
2. Chattuwatthana T, Okello E. Anti-collagenase, anti-elastase and anti-oxidant activities of Pueraria candollei var. mirifica root extract and Coccinia grandis fruit juice extract: an in vitro study. European J Med Plants 2015;5:318–27.
3. Imokawa G, Nakajima H, Ishida K. Biological mechanisms underlying the ultraviolet radiation-induced formation of skin wrinkling and sagging II: over-expression of neprilysin plays an essential role. Int J Mol Sci 2015;16:7776–95.
4. Chiocchio I, Mandrone M, Sanna C, Maxia A, Tacchini M, Poli F. Screening of a hundred plant extracts as tyrosinase and elastase inhibitors, two enzymatic targets of cosmetic interest. Ind Crops Prod 2018;122:498–505.
5. Padmanabhan P, Paliyath G. Berries and related fruits. 1st ed. Vol. 1. Encyclopedia of Food and Health. Canada: Elsevier Ltd; 2016.
6. Lee J, Dossett M, Finn CE. Rubus fruit phenolic research: the good, the bad, and the confusing. Food Chem 2012;130:785–96.
7. Park CM, Joung MS, Yang DO, Choi JW. The study on the effect of Rubus coreanus miquel extract as a cosmetic ingredient. J Soc Sci Korea 2007;33:41–5.
8. Bravo K, Alzate F, Osorio E. Fruits of selected wild and cultivated Andean plants as sources of potential compounds with anti-oxidant and anti-aging activity. Ind Crops Prod 2016;85:341–52.
9. Iino M. Elastase inhibitor contains raspberry. Patent No. US 8.491.946 B2. Shiseido Company, Ltd., Tokyo (JP); 2013.
10. Barcelo R. Phytochemical screening and anti-oxidant activity of edible wild fruits in benguet, cordillera administrative region, philippines. Electron J Biol 2015;11:80–9.
11. Martini S, D’Addario C, Colacevich A, Focardi S, Borghini F, Santucci A, et al. Antimicrobial activity against Helicobacter pylori strains and anti-oxidant properties of blackberry leaves (Rubus ulmifolius) and isolated compounds. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2009;34:50–9.
12. Xie P, Zhang Y, Wang X, Wei J, Kang W, Wang L, et al. Antithrombotic effect and mechanism of rubus spp. Blackberry Food Funct 2017;8:2000–12.
13. Han N, Gu Y, Ye C, Cao Y, Liu Z, Yin J. Antithrombotic activity of fractions and components obtained from raspberry leaves (Rubus chingii). Food Chem 2012;132:181–5.
14. Plackal George B, Thangaraj P, Sulaiman C, Piramanayagam S, Ramaswamy SK. Bioassay directed isolation and biological evaluation of compounds isolated from Rubus fairholmianus gard. Biomed Res Int 2014;2014:1–15.
15. Iriwoharn TS, Wrolstad RE. Polyphenolic composition of marion and evergreen blackberries. J Food Sci 2006;69:233–40.
16. Normasiwi S, Surya MI, Surya MI. The potential fruit crop of cibodas botanical garden. Biosaintifika J Biol Biol Educ 2016;8:206–13.
17. Surya MI, Suhartati S, Ismaini L, Lusini Y, Destri D, Anggraeni D, et al. Fruit nutrients of five species of wild raspberries (Rubus spp.) from Indonesian mountain’s forests. J Trop Life Sci 2018;8:75–80.
18. Bakar MFA, Ismail NA, Isha A, Ling ALM. Phytochemical composition and biological activities of selected wild berries (Rubus moluccanus L., R. fraxinifolius Poir., and R. alpestris Blume). Evidence Based Complement Altern Med 2016;2016:1–10.
19. Desmiaty Y, Elya B, Saputri FC, Hanafi M, Prastiwi R. Antioxidant activity of Rubus fraxinifolius poir. and Rubus rosifolius. J Sm Leaves J Young Pharm 2018;10(2s):93–6.
20. Benvenuti S, Pellati F, Melegari M, Bertelli D. Polyphenols, anthocyanins, ascorbic acid, and radical scavenging activity of rubus, ribes, and aronia. J Food Sci 2006;69:164–9.
21. Wang SY, Bowman L, Ding M. Methyl jasmonate enhances anti-oxidant activity and flavonoid content in blackberries (Rubus sp.) and promotes antiproliferation of human cancer cells. Food Chem 2008;107:1261–9.
22. Bobo Garcia G, Davidov Pardo G, Arroqui C, Virseda P, Marin Arroyo MR, Navarro M. Intra-laboratory validation of microplate methods for total phenolic content and anti-oxidant activity on polyphenolic extracts, and comparison with conventional spectrophotometric methods. J Sci Food Agric 2015;95:204–9.
23. Mardhiyah S, Elya B, Noviani A. Elastase activity inhibition by the most active fraction of star fruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) leaves from three west java regions. Int J Appl Pharm 2020;12(Special Issue 1):101–6.
24. Wittenauer J, Mackle S, Sußmann D, Schweiggert Weisz U, Carle R. Inhibitory effects of polyphenols from grape pomace extract on collagenase and elastase activity. Fitoterapia 2015;101:179–87.
25. Kraunsoe JAE, Claridge TDW, Lowe G. Inhibition of human leukocyte and porcine pancreatic elastase by homologues of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor †. Biochemistry 1996;2960:9090–6.
26. Farasat M, Khavari Nejad RAA, Mohammad S, Nabavi B, Namjooyan F, Nabavi SMB, et al. Anti-oxidant activity, total phenolics and flavonoid contents of some edible green seaweeds from northern coasts of the persian gulf. Iran J Pharm Res 2014;13:163–70.
27. Blois MS. Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Nature 1958;181:1199–200.
28. Kedare SB, Singh RP. Genesis and development of DPPH method of anti-oxidant assay. J Food Sci Technol 2011;48:412–22.
29. Galvez MAC. Evaluation of DPPH free radical scavenging activity and phytochemical screening of selected folkloric medicinal plants in tinoc, ifugao, cordillera administrative region, philippines. Int J Sci Res Publ 2014;5:440–5.
30. Petreanu M, Ferreira EK, Sagaz APM, Vendramini Costa DB, Ruiz ALTG, De Carvalho JE, et al. Uncommon trimethoxylated flavonol obtained from Rubus rosaefolius leaves and its antiproliferative activity. Evidence Based Complement Altern Med 2015;2015:6–11.
31. Alafiatayo AA, Syahida A, Mahmood M. Total anti-oxidant capacity, flavonoid, phenolic acid and polyphenol content in ten selected species of Zingiberaceae rhizomes. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med 2014;11:7–13.
32. Bras NF, Gonçalves R, Mateus N, Fernandes PA, Ramos MJ, De Freitas V. Inhibition of pancreatic elastase by polyphenolic compounds. J Agric Food Chem 2010;58:10668–76.
33. Chatatikun M, Chiabchalard A. Thai plants with high anti-oxidant levels, free radical scavenging activity, anti-tyrosinase and anti-collagenase activity. BMC Complement Altern Med 2017;17:1–9.
34. Karim AA, Azlan A, Ismail A, Hashim P, Abd Gani SS, Zainudin BH, et al. Phenolic composition, anti-oxidant, anti-wrinkles and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of cocoa pod extract. BMC Complement Altern Med 2014;14:381.
35. Manosroi A, Jantrawut P, Akihisa T, Manosroi W, Manosroi J. In vitro and in vivo skin anti-aging evaluation of gel containing niosomes loaded with a semi-purified fraction containing gallic acid from Terminalia chebula galls. Pharm Biol 2011;49:1190–203.
36. Kanashiro A, Souza JG, Kabeya LM, Azzolini AECS, Lucisano Valim YM. Elastase release by stimulated neutrophils inhibited by flavonoids: the importance of the catechol group. Zeitschrift Fur Naturforsch 2007;62:357–61.
37. Tundis R, Loizzo MR, Bonesi M, Menichini F. Potential role of natural compounds against skin aging. Curr Med Chem 2015;22:1515–38.
38. Wojdy?o A, Oszmianski J, Czemerys R. Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in 32 selected herbs. Food Chem 2007;105:940–9.
2. Chattuwatthana T, Okello E. Anti-collagenase, anti-elastase and anti-oxidant activities of Pueraria candollei var. mirifica root extract and Coccinia grandis fruit juice extract: an in vitro study. European J Med Plants 2015;5:318–27.
3. Imokawa G, Nakajima H, Ishida K. Biological mechanisms underlying the ultraviolet radiation-induced formation of skin wrinkling and sagging II: over-expression of neprilysin plays an essential role. Int J Mol Sci 2015;16:7776–95.
4. Chiocchio I, Mandrone M, Sanna C, Maxia A, Tacchini M, Poli F. Screening of a hundred plant extracts as tyrosinase and elastase inhibitors, two enzymatic targets of cosmetic interest. Ind Crops Prod 2018;122:498–505.
5. Padmanabhan P, Paliyath G. Berries and related fruits. 1st ed. Vol. 1. Encyclopedia of Food and Health. Canada: Elsevier Ltd; 2016.
6. Lee J, Dossett M, Finn CE. Rubus fruit phenolic research: the good, the bad, and the confusing. Food Chem 2012;130:785–96.
7. Park CM, Joung MS, Yang DO, Choi JW. The study on the effect of Rubus coreanus miquel extract as a cosmetic ingredient. J Soc Sci Korea 2007;33:41–5.
8. Bravo K, Alzate F, Osorio E. Fruits of selected wild and cultivated Andean plants as sources of potential compounds with anti-oxidant and anti-aging activity. Ind Crops Prod 2016;85:341–52.
9. Iino M. Elastase inhibitor contains raspberry. Patent No. US 8.491.946 B2. Shiseido Company, Ltd., Tokyo (JP); 2013.
10. Barcelo R. Phytochemical screening and anti-oxidant activity of edible wild fruits in benguet, cordillera administrative region, philippines. Electron J Biol 2015;11:80–9.
11. Martini S, D’Addario C, Colacevich A, Focardi S, Borghini F, Santucci A, et al. Antimicrobial activity against Helicobacter pylori strains and anti-oxidant properties of blackberry leaves (Rubus ulmifolius) and isolated compounds. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2009;34:50–9.
12. Xie P, Zhang Y, Wang X, Wei J, Kang W, Wang L, et al. Antithrombotic effect and mechanism of rubus spp. Blackberry Food Funct 2017;8:2000–12.
13. Han N, Gu Y, Ye C, Cao Y, Liu Z, Yin J. Antithrombotic activity of fractions and components obtained from raspberry leaves (Rubus chingii). Food Chem 2012;132:181–5.
14. Plackal George B, Thangaraj P, Sulaiman C, Piramanayagam S, Ramaswamy SK. Bioassay directed isolation and biological evaluation of compounds isolated from Rubus fairholmianus gard. Biomed Res Int 2014;2014:1–15.
15. Iriwoharn TS, Wrolstad RE. Polyphenolic composition of marion and evergreen blackberries. J Food Sci 2006;69:233–40.
16. Normasiwi S, Surya MI, Surya MI. The potential fruit crop of cibodas botanical garden. Biosaintifika J Biol Biol Educ 2016;8:206–13.
17. Surya MI, Suhartati S, Ismaini L, Lusini Y, Destri D, Anggraeni D, et al. Fruit nutrients of five species of wild raspberries (Rubus spp.) from Indonesian mountain’s forests. J Trop Life Sci 2018;8:75–80.
18. Bakar MFA, Ismail NA, Isha A, Ling ALM. Phytochemical composition and biological activities of selected wild berries (Rubus moluccanus L., R. fraxinifolius Poir., and R. alpestris Blume). Evidence Based Complement Altern Med 2016;2016:1–10.
19. Desmiaty Y, Elya B, Saputri FC, Hanafi M, Prastiwi R. Antioxidant activity of Rubus fraxinifolius poir. and Rubus rosifolius. J Sm Leaves J Young Pharm 2018;10(2s):93–6.
20. Benvenuti S, Pellati F, Melegari M, Bertelli D. Polyphenols, anthocyanins, ascorbic acid, and radical scavenging activity of rubus, ribes, and aronia. J Food Sci 2006;69:164–9.
21. Wang SY, Bowman L, Ding M. Methyl jasmonate enhances anti-oxidant activity and flavonoid content in blackberries (Rubus sp.) and promotes antiproliferation of human cancer cells. Food Chem 2008;107:1261–9.
22. Bobo Garcia G, Davidov Pardo G, Arroqui C, Virseda P, Marin Arroyo MR, Navarro M. Intra-laboratory validation of microplate methods for total phenolic content and anti-oxidant activity on polyphenolic extracts, and comparison with conventional spectrophotometric methods. J Sci Food Agric 2015;95:204–9.
23. Mardhiyah S, Elya B, Noviani A. Elastase activity inhibition by the most active fraction of star fruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) leaves from three west java regions. Int J Appl Pharm 2020;12(Special Issue 1):101–6.
24. Wittenauer J, Mackle S, Sußmann D, Schweiggert Weisz U, Carle R. Inhibitory effects of polyphenols from grape pomace extract on collagenase and elastase activity. Fitoterapia 2015;101:179–87.
25. Kraunsoe JAE, Claridge TDW, Lowe G. Inhibition of human leukocyte and porcine pancreatic elastase by homologues of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor †. Biochemistry 1996;2960:9090–6.
26. Farasat M, Khavari Nejad RAA, Mohammad S, Nabavi B, Namjooyan F, Nabavi SMB, et al. Anti-oxidant activity, total phenolics and flavonoid contents of some edible green seaweeds from northern coasts of the persian gulf. Iran J Pharm Res 2014;13:163–70.
27. Blois MS. Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Nature 1958;181:1199–200.
28. Kedare SB, Singh RP. Genesis and development of DPPH method of anti-oxidant assay. J Food Sci Technol 2011;48:412–22.
29. Galvez MAC. Evaluation of DPPH free radical scavenging activity and phytochemical screening of selected folkloric medicinal plants in tinoc, ifugao, cordillera administrative region, philippines. Int J Sci Res Publ 2014;5:440–5.
30. Petreanu M, Ferreira EK, Sagaz APM, Vendramini Costa DB, Ruiz ALTG, De Carvalho JE, et al. Uncommon trimethoxylated flavonol obtained from Rubus rosaefolius leaves and its antiproliferative activity. Evidence Based Complement Altern Med 2015;2015:6–11.
31. Alafiatayo AA, Syahida A, Mahmood M. Total anti-oxidant capacity, flavonoid, phenolic acid and polyphenol content in ten selected species of Zingiberaceae rhizomes. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med 2014;11:7–13.
32. Bras NF, Gonçalves R, Mateus N, Fernandes PA, Ramos MJ, De Freitas V. Inhibition of pancreatic elastase by polyphenolic compounds. J Agric Food Chem 2010;58:10668–76.
33. Chatatikun M, Chiabchalard A. Thai plants with high anti-oxidant levels, free radical scavenging activity, anti-tyrosinase and anti-collagenase activity. BMC Complement Altern Med 2017;17:1–9.
34. Karim AA, Azlan A, Ismail A, Hashim P, Abd Gani SS, Zainudin BH, et al. Phenolic composition, anti-oxidant, anti-wrinkles and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of cocoa pod extract. BMC Complement Altern Med 2014;14:381.
35. Manosroi A, Jantrawut P, Akihisa T, Manosroi W, Manosroi J. In vitro and in vivo skin anti-aging evaluation of gel containing niosomes loaded with a semi-purified fraction containing gallic acid from Terminalia chebula galls. Pharm Biol 2011;49:1190–203.
36. Kanashiro A, Souza JG, Kabeya LM, Azzolini AECS, Lucisano Valim YM. Elastase release by stimulated neutrophils inhibited by flavonoids: the importance of the catechol group. Zeitschrift Fur Naturforsch 2007;62:357–61.
37. Tundis R, Loizzo MR, Bonesi M, Menichini F. Potential role of natural compounds against skin aging. Curr Med Chem 2015;22:1515–38.
38. Wojdy?o A, Oszmianski J, Czemerys R. Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in 32 selected herbs. Food Chem 2007;105:940–9.
Published
10-02-2021
How to Cite
DESMIATY, Y., & ELYA, B. (2021). UNRIPE FRUIT OF RUBUS FRAXINIFOLIUS AS A POTENTIAL SOURCE OF ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIELASTASE AGENT. International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, 13(2), 78–81. https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2021.v13s2.15
Issue
Section
Original Article(s)
