THE ROLE OF CRYOTHERAPY IN CANCER TREATMENT – A REVIEW OF MECHANISMS, EFFICACY, AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ijhs.2025v13.IJHS_53077Keywords:
Cryotherapy, Cryoablation, Cancer treatment, Minimally invasive, Liquid nitrogen, Localized tumors, Immunological response, Metastatic malignanciesAbstract
Cryotherapy, often called cryoablation or cryosurgery, is a minimally invasive treatment that uses extremely low temperatures to eliminate cancer cells. Using agents such as liquid nitrogen or argon gas, it achieves temperatures as low as -196°C, resulting in the development of intracellular ice crystals that destroy cellular structures and induce death. Its uses are many, ranging from dermatology to gynecology to oncology, with a rising interest in its ability to treat localized solid tumors, such as prostate, breast, and liver cancer. Cryotherapy has several advantages, including being less intrusive, protecting surrounding healthy tissues, and activating immunological responses. The hurdles include standardising techniques, enhancing effectiveness in metastatic malignancies, and overcoming economic limitations. This study investigates cryotherapy's mechanics, therapeutic uses, and its interaction with immunotherapy.
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