DETERMINATION OF THE ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF PRASMAN LEAF EXTRACTS (AYAPANA TRIPLINERVIS [VAHL]) AND THE TOTAL FLAVONOID AND PHENOL CONTENTS OF THE MOST ACTIVE EXTRACTS

YUNITRIANTI; BERNA  ELYA; ARIKADIA  NOVIANI

doi:10.22159/ijap.2020.v12s1.FF021

Authors

YUNITRIANTI Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java, Indonesia
BERNA ELYA Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java, Indonesia
ARIKADIA NOVIANI Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2020.v12s1.FF021

Keywords:

Antioxidants, Ayapana triplinervis (Vahl), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, Ferric reducing antioxidant power, Determination of phenol, Determination of flavonoid

Abstract

Objective: Prasman (Ayapana triplinervis [Vahl]) is a plant that can eliminate free radicals through its antioxidant effects. However, little research has
been conducted to explore the antioxidant activity of the plant.
Methods: A. triplinervis (Vahl) leaves, which were determined by the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) Bogor, were used in this study. Meanwhile,
extraction was performed using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol as the solvents. Based on the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay using
a UV–visible spectrophotometer and based on ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay using a microplate reader.
Results: Based on the DPPH assay using a UV–visible spectrophotometer, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts with a final concentration
of 25 μg/mL inhibited DPPH radical production by 38.91, 51.03, and 54.06%, respectively. Using the percent inhibition, the IC50 for the ethyl acetate
and methanol extracts were 28.71 and 23.472 μg/mL, respectively. Based on FRAP assay using a microplate reader, the n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and
methanol extracts had ferrous equivalent antioxidant capacity values of 460, 828.99, and 940.22 μmol/g, respectively. The methanol extract had the
greatest antioxidant activity. The ethyl acetate and methanol extracts at the initial concentrations contained total phenol levels of 12.06 and 42.11 mg
GAE/g extract, respectively, as well as total flavonoid levels of 3.24 and 3.41 mg QE/g extract, respectively.
Conclusion: Based on the determination of phenol and flavonoid levels, the methanol extract had the greatest antioxidant effects.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

1. Agbor GA, Vinson JA, Donnelly PE. Folin-ciocalteau reagent for
polyphenolic assay. Int J Food Sci Nutr Diet 2014;3:147-56.
2. Ahmad AR, Juwita R, Siti AD, Malik A. Penetapan kadar fenolik dan
flavonoida total ekstrak metanol buah dan daun patikala (Etlingera
elatior Jack). Pharm Sci Res 2015;2:1-10.
3. Apak R, Gorinstein S, Böhm V, Schaich KM, Özyürek M, Güçlü K.
Methods of measurement and evaluation of natural antioxidant capacity/
activity (IUPAC technical report). Pure Appl Chem 2013;85:957-98.
4. Azizah D, Kumulowati E, Faramayuda F. Penetapan kadar flavonoid
metode AlCl3 pada ekstrak metanol kulit buah kakao (Theobroma
cacao L.). Kartika J Ilmiah Farm 2014;2:45-9.
5. Health Research and Development Agency. Inventory of Indonesian
Medicinal Plants. Jakarta: Department of Health, Republic of
Indonesia; 1991.
6. Badarinath AV, Rao KM, Chetty CM, Ramkanth S, Rajan TV,
Gnanaprakash K. A review on in vitro antioxidant method comparisions,
correlations and considerations. Int J Pharm Tech Res 2010;2:1276-85.
7. Bai MS, Wang C, Zong SC, Lei M, Gao JM. Antioxidant polyketide
phenolic metabolites from the edible mushroom Cortinarius
purpurascens. Food Chem 2013;141:3424-7.
8. Bhaigyabati T, Devi P, Bag G. Total flavonoid content and antioxidant
activity of aqueous rhizome extract of three Hedychium species of
Manipur Valley. Res J Pharm Biol Chem Sci 2014;5:154-9.
9. Blois MS. Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical.
Nature 1958;181:1199-200.
10. Bolanos de la Torre AA, Henderson T, Nigam PS, Owusu-
Apenten RK. A universally calibrated microplate ferric reducing
antioxidant power (FRAP) assay for foods and applications to Manuka
honey. Food Chem 2015;174:119-23.
11. Bose P, Gupta M, Mazumder UK, Kumar RS, Sivakumar T, Kumar RS.
Hepato protective and antioxidant effects of Eupatorium ayapana
against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Iran J Pharm
Ther 2007;6:27-33.
12. Closa D, Folch-Puy E. Critical review: Oxygen free radicals and the
systemic inflammatory response systemic inflammatory response. Int
Union Biochem Mol Biol Life 2004;56:185-19.
13. Dalimartha S. Atlas Indonesian Ungaran Medicinal Herbs. Jakarta:
Trubus Agriwidya; 1999.
14. Department of Health, Republic of Indonesia. Common Standard
Parameters of Medicinal Plant Extract. Jakarta: Department of Health,
Republic of Indonesia; 2000. p. 1-12.
15. Gauvin-Bialecki A, Marodon C. Essential oil of Ayapana triplinervis
from Reunion Island: A good natural source of thymohydroquinone
dimethyl ether. Biochem Syst Ecol 2008;36:853-8.
16. Gupta M, Mazumder UK, Chaudhuri I, Chaudhuri RK, Bose P,
Bhattacharya S, et al. Antimicrobial activity of Eupatorium ayapana.
Fitoterapia 2002;73:168-70.
17. Handajani A, Roosihermiatie B, Maryani H. Factors related to mortality
patterns in degenerative diseases in Indonesia. Bul Penelitian Sist
Kesehatan 2010;13:42-53.
18. Harborne JB. Phytochemical Methods. 2nd ed. Kosasih Padmawinata.
Bandung: Penerbit ITB; 1996.
19. Kalay S. Test the Antipyretic Effect of Ethanol Extracts on Prenatal
Leaves (Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl.) in Male Wistar Rats (Rattus
norvegicus L.) which is induced by DTP HB Vaccine. Manado: Faculty
of Mathematics and Sciences, Universitas Sam Ratulangi; 2014.
20. Kikuzaki H, Hisamoto M, Hirose K, Akiyama K, Taniguchi H.
Antioxidant properties of ferulic acid and its related compounds. J Agric
Food Chem 2002;50:2161-8.
21. Kokate CK, Rao RE, Varma KC. Pharmacological studies on the
essential oil of Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl. I. The effects on the central
nervous system and antimicrobial activity. Flavour Ind 1971;2:177-80.
22. Mega IM, Swastini DA. Phytochemical screening and antiradical
activity free of methanol extract of agarwood leaves (Gyrinops
versteegii). J Kim 2010;4:187-92.
23. Molyneux P. The use of the stable free radical diphenylpicrylhidrazyl
(DPPH) for estimating antioxidant activity. Songklanakarin J Sci
Technol 2004;26:211-9.
24. Munte L, Max RR, Citranigtyas G. The antioxidant activity of the
prasman leaf extract. Pharm J Ilmiah Farm 2015;4:41-50.
25. Ozcelik B, Lee J, Min D. Effects of light, oxygen, and pH on
the absorbance of 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl. J Food Sci
2003;68:487-90.